Why do children read more? The influence of reading ability on voluntary reading practices
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BACKGROUND: This study investigates the causal relationships between reading and print exposure and investigates whether the amount children read outside school determines how well they read, or vice versa. Previous findings from behavioural studies suggest that reading predicts print exposure. Here, we use twin-data and apply the behaviour-genetic approach of direction of causality modelling, suggested by Heath et al. (), to investigate the causal relationships between these two traits. METHOD: Partial data were available for a large sample of twin children (N = 11,559) and 262 siblings, all enrolled in the Netherlands Twin Register. Children were assessed around 7.5 years of age. Mothers completed questionnaires reporting children's time spent on reading activities and reading ability. Additional information on reading ability was available through teacher ratings and performance on national reading tests. For siblings reading test, results were available. RESULTS: The reading ability of the twins was comparable to that of the siblings and national norms, showing that twin findings can be generalized to the population. A measurement model was specified with two latent variables, Reading Ability and Print Exposure, which correlated .41. Heritability analyses showed that Reading Ability was highly heritable, while genetic and environmental influences were equally important for Print Exposure. We exploited the fact that the two constructs differ in genetic architecture and fitted direction of causality models. The results supported a causal relationship running from Reading Ability to Print Exposure. CONCLUSIONS: How much and how well children read are moderately correlated. Individual differences in print exposure are less heritable than individual differences in reading ability. Importantly, the present results suggest that it is the children's reading ability that determines how much they choose to read, rather than vice versa.
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Reading ability affects how much children read outside school.
“it has been shown reading ability affects how much children read outside school (Van Bergen et al., 2018).”
From Longitudinal associations between reading for pleasure and child maladjustment: Results from a propensity score matching analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Van Bergen et al., 2018
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- Authors
- van Bergen, E., Snowling, M. J., de Zeeuw, E. L., van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Dolan, C. V., & Boomsma, D. I.
- Affiliations
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-04-10
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1205-1214
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2797512662
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 16.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (PAH/6635)
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (024.001.003, 451‐15‐017, 480‐15‐001/674)
- Seventh Framework Programme (602768)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Social Sciences › Education › Literacy and Educational Practices
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- reading skills, voluntary reading, print exposure, reading practices, causal direction, heritability, genetic architecture, environmental influences, children, twin studies, sibling comparison
- MeSH terms
- Aptitude, Child, Child Behavior, Dyslexia, Female, Humans, Male, Reading, Registries, Twins, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Siblings
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