Love at first flight: wing interference patterns are species‐specific and sexually dimorphic in blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
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Abstract
Wing interference patterns (WIPs) are stable structural colours displayed on insect wings which are only visible at specific viewing geometries and against certain backgrounds. These patterns are widespread among flies and wasps, and growing evidence suggests that they may function as species‐ and sex‐specific mating cues in a range of taxa. As such, it is expected that WIPs should differ between species and show clear sexual dimorphisms. However, the true extent to which WIPs vary between species, sexes and individuals is currently unclear, as previous studies have only taken a qualitative approach, without considering how WIPs might be perceived by the insect. Here, we perform the first quantitative analysis of inter‐ and intra‐specific variation in WIPs across seven Australian species of the blowfly genus Chrysomya . Using multispectral digital imaging and a tentative model of blowfly colour vision, we provide quantitative evidence that WIPs are species‐specific, highlight that the extent of divergence is greater in males than in females and demonstrate sexual dimorphisms in several species. These data suggest that WIPs have diversified substantially in blowflies as a result of either sexual or ecological selection.
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BSF exhibit sexual dimorphism in wing interference patterns created by differences in structural colouration.
“BSF exhibit sexual dimorphism in wing interference patterns created by differences in structural colouration (Butterworth et al. 2021; Rebora et al. 2024).”
From Beyond the Black Box: Reproductive Strategies of the Black Soldier Fly as a Model for Bridging Evolutionary Biology and Applied Entomology (2026) · cites this paper as Butterworth et al. 2021
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- Authors
- Butterworth, N. J., White, T. E., Byrne, P. G., & Wallman, J. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Technology Sydney (AU)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Butterworth, Nathan J.
- Venue
- Journal of Evolutionary Biology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2021-01-27
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 558-570
- ISSN
- 1010-061X (ISSN-L)
- 1420-9101
- OpenAlex
- W3123227311
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 3.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Evolutionary Biology (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Diptera species taxonomy and behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
- Keywords
- wing interference patterns, structural color, Chrysomya, Calliphoridae, sexual dimorphism, species-specific signals, mating cues, multispectral imaging, sexual selection
- MeSH terms
- Calliphoridae, Animals, Female, Male, Pigmentation, Selection, Genetic, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Sex Characteristics, Species Specificity, Wings, Animal
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