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Cited by 3,041Pancreatic function and diabetesDiabetes Management and ResearchGrowth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors

Immunoassay of endogenous plasma insulin in man

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Yalow, Rosalyn S., Berson, Solomon A.·1960·Journal of Clinical Investigation
DOI 10.1172/jci104130PMC PMC441860
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Abstract

For years investigators have sought an assay for insulin which would combine virtually absolute specificity with a high degree of sensitivity, sufficiently exquisite for measurement of the minute insulin concentrations usually present in the circulation. Methods in use recently depend on the ability of insulin to exert an effect on the metabolism of glucose in vivo or in excised muscle or adipose tissue. Thus, the insulin concentration in plasma has been estimated: a) from the degree of hypoglycemia produced in hypophysectomized, adrenalectomized, alloxan-diabetic rats (1); b) from the augmentation of glucose uptake by isolated rat hemidiaphragm (2); or c) from the increased oxidation of glucose-1-C14 by the rat epididymal fat pad (3). Since there have been reports indicating the presence, in plasma, of inhibitors of insulin action (4) and of noninsulin substances capable of inducing an insulin-like effect (5,6), these procedures, while yielding interesting information regarding the effects of various plasmas on glucose metabolism in tissues, are of doubtful specificity for the measurement of insulin per se (5).

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  • Development of a reliable radioimmunoassay allowed direct measurement of insulin levels and separation of insulin-deficient versus insulin-insensitive diabetes based on circulating insulin.

    “Rosalyn Yalow and Solomon Berson’s development of a reliable radioimmunoassay allowed for direct measurement of insulin levels, allowing for the separation of insulin-deficient versus insulin-insensitive diabetes based on measurement of circulating insulin26.”

    From 100 years of insulin: celebrating the past, present and future of diabetes therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [26]

    The Summary and Conclusion (p. 17) describes a sensitive immunoassay that measures plasma insulin directly. The discussion (p. 16) uses measured insulin in early maturity-onset diabetes to argue against absolute insulin deficiency, but treats impaired tissue response as one possible explanation. It does not establish a separation of insulin-deficient and insulin-insensitive forms of diabetes based on circulating insulin. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Individuals with early maturity onset diabetes produce insulin and secrete it in response to nutrient ingestion.

    “individuals with “early maturity onset diabetes” produced insulin and secreted this hormone in response to nutrient ingestion2.”

    From Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future (2014) · cites this paper as [2]

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Research works printed but not linked: 17

  1. [2]2. Groen, J., Kamminga, C. E., Willebrands, A. F., and Blickman, J. R. Evidence for the presence of insn o o i o o oi mate determination of the insulin content of blood. J. clin. Invest. 1952, 31, 97.
  2. [6]6. Leonards, J. R. Insulin-like activity of blood. What it is. Fed. Proc. 1959, 18, 272.
  3. [7]7. Berson, S. A., and Yalow, R. S. Cross reactions of human anti-beef pork insulin with beef, pork, sheep, horse and human insulins. Fed. Proc. 1959, 18, 11.
  4. [9]9. Berson, S. A. In Résumé of Conference on Insulin Activity in Blood and Tissue Fluids, R. Levine and E. Anderson, Eds. Bethesda, Md. 1957, p. 7.
  5. [10]10. Berson, S. A., and Yalow, R. S. Isotopic tracers in the study of diabetes in Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, J. H. Lawrence and C. A. Tobias, Eds. New York, Academic Press Inc., 1958, vol. VI, p. 349.
  6. [12]12. Berson, S. A., and Yalow, R. S. Immunoassay of insulin in Hormones in Human Plasma, H. N. Antoniades, Ed. Boston, Little, Brown & Co. In press.
  7. [14]14. Yalow, R. S., and Berson, S. A. Assay of plasma insulin in human subjects by immunological methods. Nature (Lond.) 1959, 184, 1648.
  8. [15]15. Yalow, R. S., and Berson, S. A. Plasma insulin concentrations in non-diabetic and early diabetic subjects determined by a new sensitive immunoassay technique. Diabetes. In press.
  9. [18]18. Yalow, R. S., and Berson, S. A. Effect of x-rays on trace-labeled I¹ª-insulin and its relevance to biologic studies with I¹-labeled proteins. Radiology 1956, 66, 106.
  10. [22]22. Berson, S. A., Yalow, R. S., Bauman, A., Rothschild, M. A., and Newerly, K. Insulin-I1ª1 metabolism in human subjects: Demonstration of insulin binding globulin in the circulation of insulintreated subjects. J. clin. Invest. 1956, 35, 170.
  11. [27]27. Somogyi, M. Determination of blood sugar. J. biol. Chem. 1945, 160, 69.
  12. [16]16. insulin into the portal circulation. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1959, 74, 548.
  13. [30]30. Grodsky, G., and Forsham, P. An immunochemical assay of total extractable insulin in man. J. clin. Invest. 1960, 39, 000.
  14. [37]37. Yalow, R. S., Black, H., Villazon, M., and Berson, S. A. Comparison of plasma insulin levels following administration of tolbutamide and glucose. Diabetes. In press.
  15. [38]38. Anderson, E., Lindner, E., and Sutton, V. A sensitive method for the assay of insulin in blood. Amer. J. Physiol. 1947, 149, 350.
  16. [40]40. Goldner, M. G., and Clark, D. E. The insulin requirement of man after total pancreatectomy. J. clin. Endocr. 1944, 4, 194.
  17. [42]42. Mirsky, I. A. The etiology of diabetes mellitus in man. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 1952, 7, 437.

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Authors
Yalow, R. S., & Berson, S. A.
Affiliations
United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
Venue
Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher
American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published
1960-07-01
Volume
39
Issue
7
Pages
1157-1175
ISSN
0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1172/jci104130
PMC
PMC441860
OpenAlex
W3023173633
Cited by
3,041
References
26
Citations by year
2026: 21 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 66 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 45
FWCI
122.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Keywords
insulin assay, plasma insulin, immunological tests, insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, hypoglycemia, glucose uptake, insulin-like substance
MeSH terms
Humans, Immunoassay, Immunologic Tests, Insulin, Male

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