Longitudinal Cognitive Profiles by Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in American Older Adults With Subjective Cognitive Decline
Open accessAbstract
Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine how anxiety and/or depressive symptoms differentially affect specific cognitive domains over time in persons with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Design: A longitudinal, observational study was conducted using data from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center‐Uniform Data Set. Mean follow‐up was 4.1 ± 2.4 years. Methods: Using information from a total of 1401 participants (age 74.0 ± 8.2 years), linear mixed‐effects regression models were used to assess longitudinal changes in global cognition, episodic memory, attention, language, and executive function by baseline psychological (anxiety [A] and/or depressive [D]) symptoms in individuals with SCD. Reference was the group having no symptoms (A−/D−). Findings: The A+/D− group was not associated with any cognitive changes. The A−/D+ group was associated with a greater decline in episodic memory and executive function. The A+/D+ group had a greater decline in attention. Changes in global cognition and language were not predicted by any psychological symptoms. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms predicted lower episodic memory and executive function. Clinical Relevance: Nurses need to pay attention to depressive symptoms in older adults with SCD because managing depressive symptoms may help protect against cognitive decline more typical of early Alzheimer’s dementia.
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Longitudinal research indicates steeper cognitive declines for depressed individuals.
“These findings are in line with longitudinal research indicating steeper cognitive declines for depressed individuals (38).”
From Meta-analytic relations between personality and cognitive ability (2023) · cites this paper as [38]
The Results (page unavailable) report a faster decline in episodic memory among older adults with subjective cognitive decline who had depressive symptoms than among those without symptoms. The claim broadens this finding to depressed individuals generally and to cognitive decline overall; the same section reports no faster decline in executive function or global cognition. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Ahn, S., Mathiason, M. A., & Yu, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Arizona State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ahn, Sangwoo
- Venue
- Journal of Nursing Scholarship
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-08-03
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 698-708
- ISSN
- 0363-2792 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-6546
- 1547-5069
- PMC
- PMC8599627
- OpenAlex
- W3188840171
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 4.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Nursing Scholarship (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG053760, P30AG010129, P30AG010133, P30AG049638, P30AG028383, P30AG012300, P50AG005133, U01AG016976, P50AG005131, P50AG005138, P30AG010124, P50AG016573, P50AG047366, P30AG008017, P30AG010161, P30AG008051, P50AG008702, P50AG033514, P30AG035982, P50AG005681, P50AG005142, P50AG047270, P30AG019610, P50AG005146, P30AG013846, P50AG005136, P50AG005134, P30AG013854, P50AG025688, P50AG047266, P30AG066444, U24AG072122, P30AG072977, P30AG072975, P50AG023501, P50AG016574)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Keywords
- subjective cognitive decline, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, cognitive decline, episodic memory, executive function, attention, language, older adults, nursing care
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, Cognition, Depression, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, United States, Cognitive Dysfunction, Memory, Episodic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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