The medial pulvinar: function, origin and association with neurodevelopmental disorders
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The pulvinar is primarily referred to for its role in visual processing. However, the ‘visual pulvinar’ only encompasses the inferior and lateral regions of this complex thalamic nucleus. The remaining medial portion (medial pulvinar, PM ) establishes distinct cortical connectivity and has been associated with directed attention, executive functions and working memory. These functions are particularly impaired in neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ), both of which have been associated with abnormal PM architecture and connectivity. With these disorders becoming more prevalent in modern societies, we review the literature to better understand how the PM can participate in the pathophysiology of cognitive disorders and how a better understanding of the development and function of this thalamic nucleus, which is most likely exclusive to the primate brain, can advance clinical research and treatments.
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The medial pulvinar part of the medial thalamus (PM), which expanded alongside the association cortex in nonhuman primates and human, is characterized by a distinct prefrontal glutamatergic connectivity that seems to play a significant role in NDDs.
“In fact, the medial pulvinar part of the medial thalamus or PM, which evolutionary expanded alongside the association cortex in nonhuman primates and human, is characterized by a distinct prefrontal glutamatergic connectivity that seems to play a significant role in NDDs [202].”
From Development of prefrontal cortex (2022) · cites this paper as [202]
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The Development of the Primate Pulvinar
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Development of prefrontal cortex
Kolk, S. M., & Rakic, P. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01137-9 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
“Abnormal PFC development may lead to a variety of behavioral and cognitive problems inherent to psychiatric disorders including NDDs.”
BackgroundInfluentialTowards network-guided neuromodulation for epilepsy
Piper, R. J., Richardson, R. M., Worrell, G. A., Carmichael, D. W., Baldeweg, T., Litt, B., Denison, T., & Tisdall, M. M. (2022) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awac234 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
“The medial pulvinar has connections with the frontal and medial temporal lobes.(122,123) A study of eight patients with TLE undergo-”
BackgroundBurdette, D. E., Mirro, E. A., Lawrence, M., & Patra, S. (2021) · Epilepsia Open · doi:10.1002/epi4.12524 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
van de Mortel, L. A., Initiative, A. D. N., Thomas, R. M., & van Wingen, G. A. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-210173 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
A multisensory perspective onto primate pulvinar functions
Froesel, M., Cappe, C., & Hamed, S. B. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.043 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Kaas, J. H., & Baldwin, M. K. L. (2019) · Vision · doi:10.3390/vision4010003 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“Additionally, the medial pulvinar, with widespread connections to “association” areas of cortex, contributes to the higher stations of both streams, although the specific roles of the pulvinar connections are not well understood [80].”
BackgroundThe superior parietal lobule of primates: a sensory-motor hub for interaction with the environment
Passarelli, L., Gamberini, M., & Fattori, P. (2021) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/j.jin.2021.01.334 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“The medial pulvinar is a multimodal associative nucleus: it has extensive connectivity with high-order cortical systems (but not with early sensory areas) [78], it forms the subcortical component of the attentional network of the brain [79, 80] and is involved in visuospatial processing and reward-based decision makin…”
BackgroundThe pulvinar as a hub of visual processing and cortical integration
Cortes, N., Ladret, H., Farishta, R. A., & Casanova, C. (2023) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2023.11.008 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Spatiotemporal molecular dynamics of the developing human thalamus
Kim, C. N., Shin, D., Wang, A., & Nowakowski, T. J. (2023) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adf9941 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Biesbroek, J. M., Verhagen, M. G., der Stigchel, S. V., & Biessels, G. J. (2023) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13563 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“34 The medial pulvinar in humans is thought to be a recently evolved part of the pulvinar 35 that has widespread reciprocal connections to the prefrontal cortex, temporal and parietal association cortices, posterior cingulate cortex, insula, and hippocampus.”
BackgroundDisentangling the influences of multiple thalamic nuclei on prefrontal cortex and cognitive control
Phillips, J. M., Kambi, N. A., Redinbaugh, M. J., Mohanta, S., & Saalmann, Y. B. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.042 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
A molecular and cellular perspective on human brain evolution and tempo
Lindhout, F. W., Krienen, F. M., Pollard, K. S., & Lancaster, M. A. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07521-x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Lim, M., Jassar, H., Kim, D. J., Nascimento, T. D., & DaSilva, A. F. M. (2021) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-020-01210-6 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Mancini, V., Zöller, D., Schneider, M., Schaer, M., & D, S. E. M. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.04.015 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Extensive Connectivity Between the Medial Pulvinar and the Cortex Revealed in the Marmoset Monkey
Homman‐Ludiye, J., Mundiñano, I.-C., Kwan, W. C., & Bourne, J. A. (2019) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhz203 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationThe anterior and pulvinar thalamic nuclei interactions in mesial temporal lobe seizure networks
Soulier, H., Pizzo, F., Jegou, A., Lagarde, S., Garnier, E. M., Makhalova, J., Villalon, S. M., Carron, R., Bénar, C., & Bartoloméi, F. (2023) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2023.03.016 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Looming and receding visual networks in awake marmosets investigated with fMRI
Cléry, J. C., Schaeffer, D. J., Hori, Y., Gilbert, K. M., Hayrynen, L. K., Gati, J. S., Menon, R. S., & Everling, S. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116815 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Pulvinar neuromodulation for seizure monitoring and network modulation in temporal plus epilepsy
Vakilna, Y. S., Chaitanya, G., Hafeez, M. U., Ilyas, A., Saranathan, M., Gavvala, J. R., Tandon, N., & Pati, S. B. B. (2023) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.51815 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Thalamic nuclei changes in early and late onset Alzheimer's disease
Forno, G., Saranathan, M., Contador, J., Guillen, N., Falgàs, N., Tort-Merino, A., Balasa, M., Sanchez-Valle, R., Hornberger, M., & Lladó, A. (2023) · Current Research in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100084 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Deep brain stimulation for patients with refractory epilepsy: nuclei selection and surgical outcome
Yan, H., Wang, X., Zhang, X., Qiao, L., Gao, R., Ni, D., Shu, W., Xu, C., Ren, L., & Yu, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1169105 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Leow, Y. N., Zhou, B., Sullivan, H. A., Barlowe, A. R., Wickersham, I. R., & Sur, M. (2022) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.25317 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“It remains anopenquestionwhether rodent LPconnectivitywith the ACC/MOs region could parallel the SC-pulvinar-frontal/FEF networks described in primates (Baleydier &Mauguiere, 1985; HommanLudiye & Bourne, 2019; Homman-Ludiye et al., 2019; Romanski et al., 1997; Wilke et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMørch-Johnsen, L. E., Jørgensen, K. N., Barth, C., Nerland, S., Bringslid, I. K., Wortinger, L. A., Andreou, D., Melle, I. S., Andreassen, O. A., & Agartz, I. (2023) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.04.008 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Modelling behaviors relevant to brain disorders in the nonhuman primate: Are we there yet?
Scott, J. T., & Bourne, J. A. (2021) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102183 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationNadeau, S. E. (2021) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-020-09466-0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Alemán‐Gómez, Y., Baumgartner, T., Klauser, P., Cleusix, M., Jenni, R., Hagmann, P., Conus, P., Kim, Q., Cuadra, M. B., Baumann, P., et al. (2022) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbac113 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Efficacy of neuromodulation of the pulvinar nucleus for drug‐resistant epilepsy
Chandran, A. S., Joshi, S., Suresh, S., Savarraj, J. P. J., Snyder, K. M., Vasconcellos, F. D. N., Vakilna, Y. S., Modiano, Y. A., Pati, S. B. B., & Tandon, N. (2025) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.18244 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“11 Multilobar involvement and proximity to eloquent cortex have limited the role and the efficacy of resective surgery in the posterior quadrant, enhancing the interest in neuromodulation in this subset of patients.”
Stimulation to probe, excite, and inhibit the epileptic brain
Frauscher, B., Bartoloméi, F., Baud, M. O., Smith, R. J., Worrell, G. A., & Lundstrom, B. N. (2023) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.17640 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“78 82 SEEG recordings of the pulvinar demonstrated involvement during mesial temporal seizures as well as other seizure types.”
BackgroundPizzo, F., Carron, R., Laguitton, V., Clement, A., Giusiano, B., & Bartoloméi, F. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1480819 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Emerging Trends in Neuromodulation for Treatment of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Abouelleil, M. A., Deshpande, N., & Ali, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2022.839463 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Many studies have explored the broad reciprocal connections between the medial pulvinar and the neocortex (66).”
BackgroundComparative Functional Anatomy of Marmoset Brains
Kaas, J. H. (2020) · ILAR Journal · doi:10.1093/ilar/ilaa026 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“PM has connections with association areas of cortex and has roles in cognitive functions.(44)”
Martı́nez, A., Tobe, R. H., Gaspar, P. A., Malinsky, D., Dias, E. C., Sehatpour, P., Lakatos, P., Patel, G. H., Bermudez, D. H., Silipo, G. S., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2021.787383 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Velioğlu, H. A., Ayyıldız, B., Ayyıldız, S., Sütçübaşı, B., Hanoğlu, L., Bayraktaroğlu, Z., & Yuluğ, B. (2022) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12850 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Attention and Thalamocortical Interactions
Kästner, S., & Usrey, W. M. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197676158.003.0045 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Cheung, V., Chung, P., Bjorni, M., Shvareva, V. A., Lopez, Y. C., & Feinberg, E. H. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110131 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Anterograde tracing from SC labels multiple subdivisions of LP, including LPLR and LPMR, and studies in primates found that projections from, respectively, superficial and deep SC target the homologous regions of pulvinar (Benevento and Fallon, 1975; Gale and Murphy, 2014; Gharaei et al., 2020; Homman-Ludiye and Bourn…”
The Marmoset: The Next Frontier in Understanding the Development of the Human Brain
Homman‐Ludiye, J., & Bourne, J. A. (2020) · ILAR Journal · doi:10.1093/ilar/ilaa028 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationClosed-Loop Brain Stimulation and Paradigm Shifts in Epilepsy Surgery
Richardson, R. M. (2022) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2021.12.002 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“33 The fact that responsive stimulation in 3 different thalamic nuclei each could achieve greater than 50% seizure reduction in these highly refractory patients highlights the potential of attaining even better outcomes as techniques evolve and the understanding of the role of specific thalamic…”
BackgroundΚalamatianos, T., Mavrovounis, G., Skouras, P., Pandis, D., Fountas, K. N., & Stranjalis, G. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.35772 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Functionally, studies on non-human primates, showed that the medial pulvinar has extensive connectivity with the prefrontal/frontal and temporal cortices, regions with important roles in cognition (mainly attention) and visuomotor/auditory integration [24-26].”
BackgroundBoeken, O. J., Cieslik, E. C., Langner, R., & Markett, S. A. (2022) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-022-02603-w · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“The inferior parietal cortex and the medial pulvinar have been implicated in attentional and visual aspects of memory (Cabeza et al. 2008; Rotshtein et al. 2011; Homman‐Ludiye and Bourne 2019).”
BackgroundFunctional topography of pulvinar–visual cortex networks in macaques revealed by INS–fMRI
Yao, S., Shi, S., Zhou, Q., Wang, J., Du, X., Takahata, T., & Roe, A. W. (2023) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.25456 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Expansion of a conserved architecture drives the evolution of the primate visual cortex
Meyer, E. E., Martynek, M. P., Kästner, S., Livingstone, M. S., & Arcaro, M. J. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2421585122 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
V1-bypassing thalamo-cortical visual circuits in blindsight and developmental dyslexia
Rima, S., & Schmid, M. C. (2020) · Current Opinion in Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cophys.2020.05.001 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The Role of Motor and Environmental Visual Rhythms in Structuring Auditory Cortical Excitability
O’Connell, M. N., Barczak, A., McGinnis, T., Mackin, K., Mowery, T. M., Schroeder, C. E., & Lakatos, P. (2020) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101374 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Thalamic afferents emphasize the different functions of macaque precuneate areas
Gamberini, M., Passarelli, L., Impieri, D., Worthy, K. H., Burman, K. J., Fattori, P., Galletti, C., Rosa, M. G. P., & Bakola, S. (2020) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-020-02045-2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sex and mental health are related to subcortical brain microstructure
Pecheva, D., Smith, D. M. Y., Casey, B. J., Woodward, L. J., Dale, A. M., Filippi, C. G., & Watts, R. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2403212121 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“In addition, the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus is generally understood to be involved in visual processing and distractor filtering, with structural and func tional imaging studies finding associations between the pulvinar nucleus and AD/H in human samples (52).”
Togo, M., Lyu, D., Huang, W., Pantis, S., Fisher, R. S., Matsumoto, R., Buch, V., & Parvizi, J. (2025) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awaf342 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Lim, M., Kim, D. J., Nascimento, T. D., & DaSilva, A. F. M. (2024) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2024.02.012 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Fin, N. A. S. H., Yip, A., Scott, J. T., Teo, L., Homman‐Ludiye, J., & Bourne, J. A. (2025) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.204254 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural Mechanisms of Visual Motion Anomalies in Autism: A Two-Decade Update and Novel Aetiology
Spiteri, S., & Crewther, D. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.756841 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Thalamic neuromodulation in epilepsy: A primer for emerging circuit-based therapies
Zheng, B., Liu, D. D., Theyel, B. B., Abdulrazeq, H., Kimata, A. R., Lauro, P. M., & Asaad, W. F. (2023) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2023.2176752 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“lateral, inferior, and medial; PuL, PuI and PuM), there is evidence that these smaller areas nevertheless have multimodal functions[24,25].”
BackgroundSantana, N. N. M., Silva, E. H. A., dos Santos, S. F., Costa, M. S. M. O., do Nascimento, E. S., Engelberth, R. C. G. J., & Cavalcante, J. S. (2023) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2023.1088686 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Texture of Medial Pulvinar in Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Tak, K., Lee, S., Choi, E., Suh, S. W., Oh, D. J., Moon, W., Kim, H. S., Byun, S., Bae, J. B., Han, J. W., et al. (2020) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000506798 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
de Bézenac, C. E., Leek, N., Adan, G., Mohanraj, R., Biswas, S., Marson, A. G., & Keller, S. S. (2024) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.70069 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Basile, G. A., Quartarone, A., Cerasa, A., Ielo, A., Bonanno, L., Bertino, S., Rizzo, G., Milardi, D., Anastasi, G., Saranathan, M., et al. (2024) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.70062 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bastuji, H., Cadic‐Melchior, A., Glaunec, L. R., Magnin, M., & Garcı́a-Larrea, L. (2023) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15958 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“…stimuli (Bastuji, Frot, Perchet, et al., 2016; Bradley et al., 2017; Fauchon et al., 2020) and to be anatomically connected with PuM (review in Homman-Ludiye & Bourne, 2019), were grouped in networks/areas selected for phase coherence analysis following consensual literature on functional…”
BackgroundDisorganized thalamic subregional functional connectivity in bipolar I disorder
Long, X., Wang, X., Cao, Y., Kong, D., Wu, B., Xie, H., Zhao, Z., Roberts, N., Gong, Q., & Jia, Z. (2024) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.771 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“20 The lower FC between the superior frontal gyrus, middle cingulate cortex, and the medial pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus may indicate an impairment in bottom-up attention and emotion regulation.”
BackgroundAlbergoni, M., Pagani, E., Preziosa, P., Meani, A., Margoni, M., Rocca, M. A., & Filippi, M. (2024) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-024-12277-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Projection Motifs and Wiring Logic of Medial Pulvinar Thalamocortical Axons in the Marmoset Monkey
Córdoba-Claros, M. A., Rubio‐Garrido, P., de Lima, R. R. M., Morais, P. L. A. D. G., do Nascimento, E. S., Cavalcante, J. S., & Clascá, F. (2025) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1837-24.2025 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Development of the early fetal human thalamus: from a protomap to emergent thalamic nuclei
Alhesain, M., Alzu’bi, A., Sankar, N., Smith, C. J., Kerwin, J. M., Laws, R., Lindsay, S., & Clowry, G. J. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2025.1530236 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Complementary Organization of Mouse Driver and Modulator Cortico-thalamo-cortical Circuits
Cassidy, R. M., Macias, A. V., Lagos, W. N., Ugorji, C., & Callaway, E. M. (2025) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1167-24.2024 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Modafinil alters the functional connectivity of distinct thalamic nuclei with the neocortex
Pizzi, S. D., Tomaiuolo, F., Sestieri, C., Chiarelli, A. M., Gambi, F., Ferretti, A., & Sensi, S. L. (2025) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121242 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The pulvinar nucleus and its role in cognitive functions
Cortes, N., Mandel, C., Ikan, L., & Casanova, C. (2025) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111672 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A Direct Auditory Subcortical Route to the Amygdala Associated with Fear in Humans
Kosteletou-Kassotaki, E., Cinca-Tomás, M. T., Varriano, F., Soria, G., Prats-Galino, A., & Domínguez-Borràs, J. (2026) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1431-25.2026 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…been characterized as predominantly visual (Grieve et al., 2000; Bourgeois et al., 2020), its anterior and medial segments may be particularly associated with auditory or multisensory function in nonhuman primates (Homman-Ludiye and Bourne, 2019; Vittek et al., 2023; Froesel et al., 2024).”
Functional connectivity of thalamic nuclei during sensorimotor task-based fMRI at 9.4 Tesla
Charyasz, E., Erb, M., Bause, J., Heule, R., Bender, B., Jangir, V. K., Grodd, W., & Scheffler, K. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1568222 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Homman‐Ludiye, J., & Bourne, J. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817986-4.00030-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationTheory of mind tested by implicit false belief: a simple and full‐fledged mental state attribution
Egawa, J., Kawasaki, K., Hayashi, T., Akikawa, R., Someya, T., & Hasegawa, I. (2021) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.16322 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Thalamic connectivity-based Biomarkers for Neuromodulation in Patients with Refractory EpilepsiesPreprint
Aiello, G., Soper, D. J., Hadar, P., Paulk, A. C., Cash, S. S., Polanía, R. H., Imbach, L., & Salami, P. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.02.05.25320539 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Soskic, S., Tregidgo, H. F. J., Todd, E. G., Bouzigues, A., Cash, D. M., Russell, L. L., Thomas, D. L., Malone, I. B., Foster, P. H., Ferry‐Bolder, E., et al. (2025) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaf420 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Reevaluating thalamic contributions to pain: A translational framework for precision neuromodulation
Li, Z., Zhang, F., Ren, J., Lu, X., & Hu, L. (2026) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2026.02.001 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Frequency Coding of Multisensory Integration in the Local Field Potentials of the Medial Pulvinar
Vittek, A., Juan, C., Gaillard, C., Mercier, M. R., Girard, P., Hamed, S. B., & Cappe, C. (2025) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.70230 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Presence of the Endocannabinoid System in the Inferior Pulvinar of the Vervet Monkey
Micaelo-Fernandes, C., Bouskila, J., Bouchard, J., & Ptito, M. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11060770 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“The PM integrates multisensorial information from associative frontal and temporal cortices and is thus thought to be involved in higher cognitive processes [48].”
BackgroundJiang, H., Li, Z., Yang, W., Sun, Y., Yan, F., Sun, Q., Wei, H., & Bian, L. (2022) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.14692 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“The pulvinar nuclei of the thalamus are primarily referred to for their roles in visual processing.(44,45) Based on the above findings and the correlation of the current study, we suggest that an ageing‐like posterior‐to‐anterior shift of brain functional dynamics also occurred during chronic exposure to hypercortisol…”
BackgroundPulvinar and Transthalamic Cortical Visual Pathways
Casanova, C. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.23899-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Boeken, O. J., Cieslik, E. C., Langner, R., & Markett, S. A. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2017758/v1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Fin, N. A. S. H., Yip, A., Teo, L., Homman‐Ludiye, J., & Bourne, J. A. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.07.10.602904 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationBasile, G. A., Ielo, A., Bonanno, L., Cerasa, A., Santoro, G., Milardi, D., Anastasi, G., Torre, A., Baldari, S., Laudicella, R., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.1101/2024.07.11.603063 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“This observation is consistent with existing literature in non-human primates (Benarroch 2015; Homman‐Ludiye and Bourne 2019).”
ResultSarica, A., Camastra, C., Pelagi, A., Arcuri, F., Novellino, F., Quattrone, A., & Quattrone, A. (2025) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2025.109140 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Pulvinar Subregions Influence Select Cortical Pathways in Humans
Bilderbeek, J. A., Gregg, N. M., Yanez-Ramos, M. G., Huang, H., Montoya, M. N., Brunner, P., Willie, J. T., Gompel, J. J. V., Worrell, G. A., Miller, K. J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1604-25.2026 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Information Exchange between Cortical Areas: The Visual System as a Model
Zeng, H., Chen, S., Fink, G. R., & Weidner, R. (2022) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/10738584211069061 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Visuospatial and Motor Deficits Following Pulvinar Lesions
Wilke, M., & Kagan, I. (2023) · doi:10.1093/med/9780197676158.003.0071 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wang, S., Ma, L., Wang, S., Duan, C., Wang, X., Bian, X., Zhai, D., Sun, Y., Xie, S., Zhang, S., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-025-02004-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Furthermore, the medial pulvinar nucleus exhibited a reciprocal connection with the higher-order cortex and paralimbic areas, relaying higher-order information [44].”
Subcortical Structures and Epilepsy
Herlopian, A. (2025) · Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery · doi:10.1159/000548279 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Evolution of Frontal Cortex and Thalamus in Primates
Baldwin, M. K. L., & Wise, S. P. (2023) · doi:10.1093/med/9780197676158.003.0057 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
High delay discounting relates to core symptoms and to pulvinar atrophy in frontotemporal dementiaPreprint
Godefroy, V., Durand, A., Lévy, R., Batrancourt, B., Schmidt, L., Koban, L., & Plassmann, H. (2024) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.05.16.594526 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“53,54 Similarly, the ACC with its connectivity to other brain regions, such as the lateral prefrontal and supplementary motor areas, has been related to conflict processing.”
BackgroundBasile, G. A., Ielo, A., Bonanno, L., Cerasa, A., Santoro, G., Milardi, D., Anastasi, G., Torre, A., Baldari, S., Laudicella, R., et al. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.100937.2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Spatial patterning of transcriptional and regulatory programs in the primate subcortexPreprint
Dan, S., Turner, M. A., DeBerardine, M., Caceres, L., Nieto-Caballero, V. E., Schembri, J., Levandowski, K. M., Cardenas, C., Wang, N., Li, C., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.22.689869 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Pulvinar and Ventral Thalamic Nuclei Changes Occur Early Along the Psychosis Spectrum
Browne, C., Nasa, A., Kelly, L. J., Riaz, S., Sooknarine, V., O’Connor, M. J., Mitchell, O., O’Hora, E., Hsu, A., Almulla, A., et al. (2025) · Schizophrenia Bulletin Open · doi:10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaf016 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“45 A core deficit in psychosis may involve the inappropriate modulation of attention via dyssynchronous recruitment of cortical networks.”
A thalamic perspective of (un)consciousness in pharmacological and pathological states in humans
Szocs, D., Lyu, D., Luppi, A. I., Coppola, P., Woodrow, R., Williams, G. B., Allanson, J. E., Pickard, Owen, A. M., Naçi, L., et al. (2026) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcag021 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“87 The medial pulvinar was shown to be involved in altered states of consciousness, notably focal seizures, 88 and, more recently, stimulation of this region led to improvements in awareness in pharmaco-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy.”
A comprehensive review of deep brain stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy
Sasaki, R., Kinoshita, M., Sadikot, A. F., & Nakagawa, I. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1884342 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Overall, the pulvinar appears to be particularly suitable for patients with TLE or PQE characterized by widespread epileptogenic networks.”
InfluentialAltered thalamic volumes and functional connectivity in the recovered patients with psychosis
Kim, W., Shen, J., Tsogt, U., Odkhuu, S., Cheraghi, S., Rami, F. Z., & Chung, Y. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115688 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Velioğlu, H. A., Ayyıldız, B., Ayyıldız, S., Sütçübaşı, B., Hanoğlu, L., Bayraktaroğlu, Z., Yıldırım, S., Şakul, B. U., & Yuluğ, B. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1780551/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cortico-subcortical dynamics in primate working memoryPreprint
von Nicolai, C., & Siegel, M. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.07.24.605013 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“However, it is a higher-order thalamic nucleus with extensive connections to occipital, temporal, parietal, and frontal cortex areas, including FEF and dorsolateral PFC 60 .”
BackgroundRasmussen’s Encephalitis and Focal Cortical Dysplasia
Vadiparati, A., & Herlopian, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-23828-4_12
A thalamic perspective of (un)consciousness in pharmacological and pathological states in humansPreprint
Szocs, D., Lyu, D., Luppi, A. I., Coppola, P., Woodrow, R., Williams, G. B., Allanson, J. E., Pickard, J. D., Owen, A. M., Naçi, L., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.05.30.596600
Conditions of Comparative Brain Connectomics
Rockland, K. S., Zachlod, D., & Amunts, K. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197676592.003.0019
Basile, G. A., Ielo, A., Bonanno, L., Cerasa, A., Santoro, G., Milardi, D., Anastasi, G., Torre, A., Baldari, S., Laudicella, R., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.100937.1
Functional connectivity of thalamic nuclei during sensorimotor task-based fMRI at 9.4 TeslaPreprint
Charyasz, E., Erb, M., Bause, J., Heule, R., Bender, B., Kumar, V., Grodd, W., & Scheffler, K. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.09.632791
Krauzlis, R. J. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27380-3.00015-4
Evolution and development of specialized primate thalamocortical circuits
Leopold, D. A., & Bourne, J. A. (2025) · Evolution of Nervous Systems · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27380-3.00026-9
Self-citationBadarnee, M., Wen, Z., Moallem, B. I., Maren, S., & Milad, M. R. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.1101/2025.07.09.663823
“While the medial pulvinar, which receives projections from deep layers of the superior colliculus, supports more advanced functions such as attention and working memory(Bridge et al., 2015; Homman-Ludiye and Bourne, 2019).”
- Authors
- Homman‐Ludiye, J., & Bourne, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Bourne, James A.
- Venue
- Journal of Anatomy
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-01-18
- Volume
- 235
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 507-520
- ISSN
- 0021-8782 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7580
- PMC
- PMC6704239
- OpenAlex
- W2909525285
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 1.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Anatomy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Stem Cells Australia
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- medial pulvinar, thalamus, neurodevelopmental disorders, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, directed attention, executive function, working memory, cortical connectivity, thalamic development, primate brain evolution
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Evolution, Humans, Pulvinar, Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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