The functional logic of cortico-pulvinar connections

Shipp, S.

doi:10.1098/rstb.2002.1213

Cited by 411Visual perception and processing mechanismsNeural dynamics and brain functionMotor Control and Adaptation

The functional logic of cortico-pulvinar connections

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Shipp, S.·2003·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences

DOI 10.1098/rstb.2002.1213PMC PMC1693262

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Abstract

The pulvinar is an 'associative' thalamic nucleus, meaning that most of its input and output relationships are formed with the cerebral cortex. The function of this circuitry is little understood and its anatomy, though much investigated, is notably recondite. This is because pulvinar connection patterns disrespect the architectural subunits (anterior, medial, lateral and inferior pulvinar nuclei) that have been the traditional reference system. This article presents a simplified, global model of the organization of cortico-pulvinar connections so as to pursue their structure-function relationships. Connections between the cortex and pulvinar are topographically organized, and as a result the pulvinar contains a 'map' of the cortical sheet. However, the topography is very blurred. Hence the pulvinar connection zones of nearby cortical areas overlap, allowing indirect transcortical communication via the pulvinar. A general observation is that indirect cortico-pulvino-cortical circuits tend to mimic direct cortico-cortical pathways: this is termed 'the replication principle'. It is equally apt for certain pairs (or groups) of nearby cortical areas that happen not to connect with each other. The 'replication' of this non-connection is achieved by discontinuities and dislocations of the cortical topography within the pulvinar, such that the associated pair of connection zones do not overlap. Certain of these deformations can be used to divide the global cortical topography into specific sub-domains, which form the natural units of a connectional subdivision of the pulvinar. A substantial part of the pulvinar also expresses visual topography, reflecting visual maps in occipital cortex. There are just two well-ordered visual maps in the pulvinar, that both receive projections from area V1, and several other occipital areas; the resulting duplication of cortical topography means that each visual map also acts as a separate connection domain. In summary, the model identifies four topographically ordered connection domains, and reconciles the coexistence of visual and cortical maps in two of them. The replication principle operates at and below the level of domain structure. It is argued that cortico-pulvinar circuitry replicates the pattern of cortical circuitry but not its function, playing a more regulatory role instead. Thalamic neurons differ from cortical neurons in their inherent rhythmicity, and the pattern of cortico-thalamic connections must govern the formation of specific resonant circuits. The broad implication is that the pulvinar acts to coordinate cortical information processing by facilitating and sustaining the formation of synchronized trans-areal assemblies; a more pointed suggestion is that, owing to the considerable blurring of cortical topography in the pulvinar, rival cortical assemblies may be in competition to recruit thalamic elements in order to outlast each other in activity.

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Allman, J. M., Kaas, J. H., Lane, R. H., & Miezin, F. M. (1972) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(72)90135-7 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The distribution and morphology of LGN K pathway axons within the layers and CO blobs of owl monkey V1
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Network organization of the connectivity between parietal area 7, posterior cingulate cortex and medial pulvinar nucleus: a double fluorescent tracer study in monkey
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Distribution of the mRNA encoding the four dopamine D1 receptor subtypes in the brain of the european eel (Anguilla anguilla): Comparative approach to the function of D1 receptors in vertebrates
Kapsimali, M., Vidal, B., González, A., Dufour, S., & Vernier, P. (2000) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(20000410)419:3 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Topographical projections of the prestriate cortex to the pulvinar nuclei in the macaque monkey: An autoradiographic study
Benevento, L. A., & Davis, B. J. (1977) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00237265 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Architectonic subdivisions of the inferior pulvinar in New World and Old World monkeys
Stepniewska, I., & Kaas, J. H. (1997) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s0952523800011767 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Temporal and spatial patterns ofc-fos mRNA induced by intravenous interleukin-1: A cascade of non-neuronal cellular activation at the blood-brain barrier
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Single neurons with both form/color differential responses and saccade-related responses in the nonretinotopic pulvinar of the behaving macaque monkey
Benevento, L. A., & Port, J. D. (1995) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s0952523800008439 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Segregation and convergence of specialised pathways in macaque monkey visual cortex.
Shipp, S. D., & Zeki, S. (1995) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Convergence and branching patterns of round, type 2 corticopulvinar axons
Rockland, K. S. (1998) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19980126)390:4 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Corticopulvinar connections of areas V5, V4, and V3 in the macaque monkey: A dual model of retinal and cortical topographies
Shipp, S. D. (2001) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.1363 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Retinal projections to the inferior and medial pulvinar nuclei in the old-world monkey
Itaya, S. K., & Hoesen, G. W. V. (1983) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90131-2 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Visual responses of single neurons in the caudal lateral pulvinar of the macaque monkey
Benevento, L., & Miller, J. (1981) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.01-11-01268.1981 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The retinal input to calbindin-D28k-defined subdivisions in macaque inferior pulvinar
O’Brien, B. J., Abel, P. L., & Olavarría, J. F. (2001) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02220-0 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
An investigation of collateral projections of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and other subcortical structures to cortical areas V1 and V4 in the macaque monkey: A double label retrograde tracer study
Lysakowski, A., Standage, G. P., & Benevento, L. A. (1988) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00247317 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The Spatial Distribution of Pulvinar Neurons That Project to Two Subregions of the Inferior Parietal Lobule in the Macaque
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Peroxidase labeled subcortical afferents to pulvinar in rhesus monkey
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Complexities in the Thalamocortical and Corticothalamic Pathways
Adams, N. C., Lozsádi, D. A., & Guillery, R. W. (1997) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01391.x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Corticothalamic connections of the superior temporal sulcus in rhesus monkeys
Yeterian, E. H., & Pandya, D. Ν. (1991) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00231152 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Projections from the medial nucleus of the inferior pulvinar complex to the middle temporal area of the visual cortex
Lin, C.-S., & Kaas, J. H. (1980) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(80)90138-4 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The morphology and distribution of striate cortex terminals in the inferior and lateral subdivision of the Macaca monkey pulvinar
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Connectional and neurochemical subdivisions of the pulvinar in Cebus monkeys
Soares, J. G. M., Gattass, R., SOUZA, A. P. B., Rosa, M. G. P., Fiorani, M., & BRANDÃO, B. L. (2001) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s0952523801181034 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Cortico-thalamic interplay and the security of operation of neural assemblies and temporal chains in the cerebral cortex
Miller, R. (1996) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/s004220050293 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Acetylcholinesterase histochemistry in the macaque thalamus reveals territories selectively connected to frontal, parietal and temporal association cortices
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Topographical mapping of the thalamocortical projections in rodents and comparison with that in primates
H�hl-Abrah�o, J. C., & Creutzfeldt, O. D. (1991) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00231845 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The structural organization of the inferior and lateral subdivision of the Macaca monkey pulvinar
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Retinal projections to the pulvinar nucleus of the macaque monkey: a re-investigation using autoradiography
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Expression of rat target of the antiproliferative antibody (TAPA) in the developing brain
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Changes in axon arrangement in the retinofungal pathway of mouse embryos: Confocal microscopy study using single- and double-dye label
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Very Short Term Visual Memory Via Reverberation: A Role for the Cortico-thalamic Excitatory Circuit in Temporal Filling-in During Blinks and Saccades?
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Wheels within Wheels
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Wheels within Wheels
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A new anatomical basis for 'spotlight' metaphors of attention
Shipp, S. D. (2000) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fundamentals of Association Cortex
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Untitled work
Hagihara (1999) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990726)410:2

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Sorted by citations

Emotion processing and the amygdala: from a’low road’to’many roads’ of evaluating biological significance.
Pessoa, L., & Adolphs, R. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2920 · Cited by 1,794 · see citing works
“For example, all 20–30 known visual areas connect with the pulvinar, sometimes in a relatively topographic fashio”
Spectral fingerprints of large-scale neuronal interactions
Siegel, M., Donner, T. H., & Engel, A. K. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3137 · Cited by 1,295 · see citing works
The pulvinar regulates information transmission between cortical areas based on attention demands
Saalmann, Y. B., Pinsk, M. A., Wang, L., Li, X., & Kastner, S. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1223082 · Cited by 1,016 · see citing works
The evolution of distributed association networks in the human brain
Buckner, R. L., & Krienen, F. M. (2013) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.09.017 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
Norepinephrine ignites local hotspots of neuronal excitation: How arousal amplifies selectivity in perception and memory
Mather, M., Clewett, D., Sakaki, M., & Harley, C. W. (2016) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x15000667 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
Emotional perception: Meta-analyses of face and natural scene processing
Sabatinelli, D., Fortune, E., Li, Q., Siddiqui, A., Krafft, C., Oliver, W. T., Beck, S. M., & Jeffries, J. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.011 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
“It receives input from visual cortex (e.g.: V1 and extrastriate cortex) and is connected with the prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and superior colliculus (Shipp, 2003).”
Background
Structure and function of the cerebral cortex
Shipp, S. (2007) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.03.044 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Brain mechanisms for emotional influences on perception and attention: What is magic and what is not
Pourtois, G., Schettino, A., & Vuilleumier, P. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.02.007 · Cited by 687 · see citing works
Adaptive Resonance Theory: How a brain learns to consciously attend, learn, and recognize a changing world
Grossberg, S. (2012) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2012.09.017 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
“…requirements into a hierarchy of laminar neocortical circuits interacting with first-order (e.g., LGN) and higher-order (e.g., the pulvinar nucleus; Sherman and Guillery (2001) and Shipp (2003)) specific thalamic nuclei, and nonspecific thalamic nuclei (van Der Werf, Witter, & Groenewegen, 2002).”
Background
Cognitive and Perceptual Functions of the Visual Thalamus
Saalmann, Y. B., & Kästner, S. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.06.027 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
“As a general principle, directly connected cortical areas will be indirectly connected via the pulvinar (Figure 1C; Sherman and Guillery, 2006; Shipp, 2003).”
Understanding brain networks and brain organization
Pessoa, L. (2014) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2014.03.005 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
“Indeed, sites in the dorsal pulvinar may be connected with relatively distal parts of the brain, such as parietal and frontal cortex [70].”
Background
Mechanisms of top-down attention
Baluch, F., & Itti, L. (2011) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2011.02.003 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
The brain circuitry of attention
Shipp, S. (2004) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.03.004 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Self-citation
Identification of common neural circuit disruptions in emotional processing across psychiatric disorders
McTeague, L. M., Rosenberg, B. M., Lopez, J. W., Carreon, D. M., Huemer, J., Jiang, Y., Chick, C. F., Eickhoff, S. B., & Etkin, A. (2020) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18111271 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
“The pulvinar is densely connected both structurally (54) and functionally (55) to various cortical regions, including occipital, parietal, temporal, and prefrontal cortices (56, 57).”
Background
Pulvinar-Cortex Interactions in Vision and Attention
Zhou, H., Schafer, R. J., & Desimone, R. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.11.034 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
“V4 has widespread connections in the ventro-lateral pulvinar, with a given location in the V4 visual field map having connections with a wide zone extending between the anterior and posterior poles of the pulvinar (Shipp, 2003; Kaas and Lyon, 2007; Gattass et al., 2014).”
Influential
Top-down control of visual attention
Noudoost, B., Chang, M. H., Steinmetz, N. A., & Moore, T. (2010) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2010.02.003 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Neural elements for predictive coding
Shipp, S. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01792 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
“…coordinate the gain of ascending pathways through direct effects upon superficial error units, or by regulation of effective connectivity through the induction of coherence in transareal oscillatory relationships (Shipp, 2003; Purushothaman et al., 2012; Saalmann et al., 2012; Kanai et al., 2015).”
Background
From Behavior to Neural Dynamics: An Integrated Theory of Attention
Buschman, T. J., & Kästner, S. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.017 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
“As a general principle, directly connected cortical areas will be indirectly connected via the pulvinar (Jones, 2001; Shipp, 2003).”
Dynamical relaying can yield zero time lag neuronal synchrony despite long conduction delays
Vicente, R., Gollo, L. L., Mirasso, C. R., Fischer, I., & Pipa, G. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0809353105 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
“The associative thalamic nuclei have the cortex as their main input and output sources and seem to represent active relay centers of cortical activity with properties well suitable for enhancing cortical coherence (30).”
BackgroundInfluential
Thalamic nuclei convey diverse contextual information to layer 1 of visual cortex
Roth, M., Dahmen, J. C., Muir, D. R., Imhof, F., Martini, F. J., & Hofer, S. B. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4197 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
The effects of electrical microstimulation on cortical signal propagation
Logothetis, N. K., Augath, M. A., Murayama, Y., Rauch, A., Sultan, F. R., Goense, J. B. M., Oeltermann, A., & Merkle, H. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2631 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
“In fact, it has been suggested that there is a 'replicating' cortico-pulvinar-cortical linkag”
Background
Pulvinar contributions to the dorsal and ventral streams of visual processing in primates
Kaas, J. H., & Lyon, D. C. (2007) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.02.008 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
“In macaques, the dominant inputs to V2 are from PLvl and PIcl, although PIcm and PIm appear to contribute as well (Adams, et al., 2000;O’Brien, et al., 2002;Shipp, 2003).”
BackgroundResult
Diffusion-weighted and perfusion MRI demonstrates parenchymal changes in complex partial status epilepticus
Szabo, K., Poepel, A., Pohlmann‐Eden, B., Hirsch, J. G., Back, T., Sedlaczek, O., Hennerici, M. G., & Gass, A. (2005) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh454 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
“This phenomenon on DWI in an acute peri-ictal state provides further evidence for a potential role of anatomical connections between the thalamus and mesial temporal lobe structures in symptomatic epilepsy and may add to the understanding of the extensive pulvinocortical relationships (Shipp, 2003).”
Intralaminar and medial thalamic influence on cortical synchrony, information transmission and cognition
Saalmann, Y. B. (2014) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00083 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
“This pattern of pulvinar connectivity with the cortex ideally positions the pulvinar to influence information transmission between cortical areas (Shipp, 2003; Sherman and Guillery, 2006; Saalmann and Kastner, 2011).”
Background
Should a Few Null Findings Falsify Prefrontal Theories of Conscious Perception?
Odegaard, B., Knight, R. T., & Lau, H. (2017) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3217-16.2017 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
“In monkeys, chemical inactivation of the pulvinar, specifically the central dorsal region which likely projects to the PFC (Romanski et al., 1997; Shipp, 2003; Pessoa and Adolphs, 2010), also impairs subjective confidence judgments in a visual task without changing task performance (Komura et al.”
Background
Pulvinar neurons reveal neurobiological evidence of past selection for rapid detection of snakes
Le, Q. V., Isbell, L. A., Matsumoto, J., Nguyen, M. N., Hori, E., Maior, R. S., Tomaz, C. A. B., Tran, A. H., Ono, T., & Nishijo, H. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1312648110 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
“We also note that both the medial and dorsolateral pulvinar have reciprocal connections with association cortices (33).”
Background
Communication through coherence with inter-areal delays
Bastos, A. M., Vezoli, J., & Fries, P. (2014) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2014.11.001 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
“com sub-cortical sources [25], areas with widespread anatomical connectivity were envisioned to stabilize phase relationships by bringing the oscillations to zero phase across the network despite non-negligible spike transmission times.”
Visual attention as a multilevel selection process
Kästner, S., & Pinsk, M. A. (2004) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.4.4.483 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
“First, the visual maps in areas of the pulvinar are organized in such a way that neurons representing corresponding parts of the visual field in cortical visual areas project to similar parts of the pulvinar maps (Adams, Hof, Gattass, Webster, & Ungerleider, 2000; Shipp, 2001, 2003 ).”
Method
Reflections on agranular architecture: predictive coding in the motor cortex
Shipp, S., Adams, R. A., & Friston, K. J. (2013) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2013.09.004 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Thalamocortical Connectivity Predicts Cognition in Children Born Preterm
Ball, G., Pazderova, L., Chew, A., Tusor, N., Merchant, N., Arichi, T., Allsop, J. M., Cowan, F. M., Edwards, A. D., & Counsell, S. J. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu331 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
“It has been theorized that higherorder thalamic nuclei modulate cortico-cortical transmission via cortico-thalamocortical relays and support the formation of synchronous interareal cortical activity (Shipp 2003; Ramcharan et al. 2005; Van Essen 2005).”
Background
Shifting gradients of macroscale cortical organization mark the transition from childhood to adolescence
Dong, H.-M., Margulies, D. S., Zuo, X., & Holmes, A. J. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2024448118 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
The Thalamocortical Projection Systems in Primate: An Anatomical Support for Multisensory and Sensorimotor Interplay
Cappe, C., Morel, A., Barone, P., & Rouiller, E. M. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn228 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
“PuM is the main candidate thalamic nucleus (present study; see also Crick and Koch 1998; Shipp 2003), by which information from different sensory modalities can converge to premotor cortex based on its connectivity with numerous cortical areas (e.g., Romanski et al. 1997; Hackett et al. 1998;…”
Background
The importance of being hierarchical
Markov, N. T., & Kennedy, H. (2013) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2012.12.008 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
“There is a general observation that the pulvinar exchanges inputs with neighboring cortical areas that are directly inter-connected via cortico-cortical projections and recent findings show that these thalamic loops serve to drive alpha synchronization between nearby interconnected areas [48,49].”
Result
Functional Specialization in the Attention Network
Fiebelkorn, I. C., & Kästner, S. (2019) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-103429 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
“Directly connected cortical areas are generally indirectly connected via the pulvinar, through cortico-thalamo-cortical pathways (Sherman et al. 2006, Shipp 2003).”
Background
Multisensory anatomical pathways
Cappe, C., Rouiller, E. M., & Barone, P. (2009) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2009.04.017 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
“…is the main candidate (although other thalamic nuclei such as LP, VPL, MD or CL may also play a role) to represent an alternative to cortico-cortical loops by which information can be transferred between cortical areas belonging to different sensory and sensorimotor modalities (Shipp, 2003).”
Background
The Anatomical and Functional Organization of the Human Visual Pulvinar
Arcaro, M. J., Pinsk, M. A., & Kästner, S. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1575-14.2015 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
“In other primate species, this region of the medial ventral pulvinar also contains some contralateral tuning (Bender, 1981; Li et al., 2013) and is interconnected with motion-sensitive regions (Standage and Benevento, 1983; Ungerleider et al., 1984; Shipp, 2003; Berman and Wurtz, 2010).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Top-Down Beta Enhances Bottom-Up Gamma
Richter, C. G., Thompson, W. H., Bosman, C. A., & Fries, P. (2017) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3771-16.2017 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
“Note that an additional bottom-up pathway via the pulvinar originates in layer 5, and it might mediate the observed V1-to-V4 GC influences in the beta band (Shipp, 2003; Sherman, 2007; Schmid et al., 2012).”
Background
Partially enhanced thalamocortical functional connectivity in autism
Mizuno, A., Villalobos, M. E., Davies, M. M., Dahl, B. C., & Müller, R.-A. (2006) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.05.064 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Functional Identification of a Pulvinar Path from Superior Colliculus to Cortical Area MT
Berman, R. A., & Wurtz, R. H. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6176-09.2010 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
“The localization of SC–MT relay neurons to PIp reinforces the idea that the architectonic subdivisions of the pulvinar are not devoted exclusively to a single function, and instead may support interaction between specialized cortical visual areas (Guillery and Sherman, 2002; Shipp, 2003).”
BackgroundResult
The hodology of hallucinations
Ffytche, D. H. (2008) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2008.04.005 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
A cognitive architecture that combines internal simulation with a global workspace
Shanahan, M. (2005) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2005.11.005 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
“Indeed, the replication principle of Shipp (2003) , according to which the connectivity of indirect transthalamic cortical pathways mimics that of direct corticocortical pathways, is supportive of this possibility.”
Background
Impaired attentional selection following lesions to human pulvinar: Evidence for homology between human and monkey
Snow, J. C., Allen, H. A., Rafal, R. D., & Humphreys, G. W. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0810086106 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
“For example, intriguing possibilities include that the pulvinar may facilitate temporal synchronicity in topographically specific areas within occipito-temporal cortex, thereby increasing signal-to-noise ratios (13), or similarly, that it may influence neural coherence on a much broader scale between fronto-parietal a…”
BackgroundInfluential
Laminar fMRI: applications for cognitive neuroscience
Lawrence, S. J. D., Formisano, E., Muckli, L., & de Lange, F. P. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.004 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
“…fMRI, with the prediction that positive modulations originate in dorsolateral pulvinar, which projects primarily layers 3 and 4 of occipital cortex (Shipp, 2003), while negative modulations originate in dorsomedial pulvinar, which projects primarily to parietal cortex (Behrens et al., 2003;…”
Background
Adaptive Pulvinar Circuitry Supports Visual Cognition
Bridge, H., Leopold, D. A., & Bourne, J. A. (2015) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.10.003 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Primary Visual Cortex: Awareness and Blindsight
Leopold, D. A. (2012) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150356 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
“Much of the dense labeling in the pulvinar can be attributed to its role as a corticocortical relay (Sherman 2005, Shipp 2003).”
Background
Feedforward, feedback and inhibitory connections in primate visual cortex
Callaway, E. M. (2004) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2004.04.004 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
“And the relatively precise and systematic organization of connections to and from the cortex and pulvinar (see (Shipp, 2003) for review) suggest that these connections are likely to mediate relatively direct interactions between cortical areas.”
Background
The Neurology of Consciousness
Tononi, G., Boly, M., Gosseries, O., & Laureys, S. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800948-2.00025-x · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Gain control in the visual thalamus during perception and cognition
Saalmann, Y. B., & Kastner, S. (2009) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2009.05.007 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
“First, crucial elements of the attention network, such as the prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and SC, are connected with the pulvinar [6].”
Influential
Pulvinar: Associative role in cortical function and clinical correlations
Benarroch, E. E. (2015) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000001276 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
“Direct cortico-cortical feedback connections commonly project from layer 6 to layer 1 of the lower cortical area; cortical layer 6 also provides feedback connections to the pulvinar, which conveys this information to layer 1.(17)”
Electrophysiological Low-Frequency Coherence and Cross-Frequency Coupling Contribute to BOLD Connectivity
Wang, L., Saalmann, Y. B., Pinsk, M. A., Arcaro, M. J., & Kastner, S. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.09.033 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
“…visual network constituted by the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), the temporal occipital area (TEO), area V4, and the pulvinar, which has been well studied in terms of its anatomical connectivity (e.g., Felleman and Van Essen, 1991; Saalmann et al., 2012; Shipp, 2003; Ungerleider et al., 2008).”
Influential
Spikes, synchrony, and attentive learning by laminar thalamocortical circuits
Grossberg, S., & Massimiliano Versace, A. (2008) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.04.024 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Higher-Order Thalamic Circuits Channel Parallel Streams of Visual Information in Mice
Bennett, C., Gale, S. D., Garrett, M., Newton, M. L., Callaway, E. M., Murphy, G. J., & Olsen, S. R. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.02.010 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
“…between anatomically and functionally defined LP subregions supports an emerging view that the fundamental units of corticothalamic computation are not individual thalamic nuclei but more precise thalamic circuits linking functionally related cortical areas (Halassa and Kastner, 2017; Shipp, 2003).”
Reciprocal Thalamocortical Connectivity of the Medial Pulvinar: A Depth Stimulation and Evoked Potential Study in Human Brain
Rosenberg, D. S., Mauguı̀ere, F., Catenoix, H., Faillenot, I., & Magnin, M. (2008) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn185 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
“Our functional connectivity data may help to better integrate and emphasize the role of PuM in previous hypothesis about the functional role of the pulvinar nucleus, which is mostly supposed to play a key role in visual attention processing and selectivity (Shipp 2003, 2004).”
BackgroundMethod
Computational Neuropsychology and Bayesian Inference
Parr, T., Rees, G. E., & Friston, K. J. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00061 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
“A candidate structure is the dorsal pulvinar (Shipp, 2003).”
Background
Pain networks from the inside: Spatiotemporal analysis of brain responses leading from nociception to conscious perception
Bastuji, H., Frot, M., Perchet, C., Magnin, M., & Garcı́a-Larrea, L. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23310 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
“, 2007], and probably trans-thalamic routing of cortico-cortical inputs via the associative thalamus [Cappe et al., 2009; Shipp, 2003].”
Background
Neural activity in the visual thalamus reflects perceptual suppression
Wilke, M., Mueller, K.-M., & Leopold, D. A. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0900714106 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Hypotheses relating to the function of the claustrum
Smythies, J., Edelstein, L. R., & Ramachandran, V. S. (2012) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2012.00053 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Anatomical Connections of the Functionally Defined “Face Patches” in the Macaque Monkey
Grimaldi, P., Saleem, K. S., & Tsao, D. Y. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.05.009 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
“This is strikingly in disaccord with the replication principle (Shipp, 2003), which states that cortical regions that are connected project to the same area of the pulvinar.”
The importance of being agranular: a comparative account of visual and motor cortex
Shipp, S. D. (2005) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2005.1630 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
“…in CTC circuits means that separate cortical networks may compete to recruit (or be recruited by) the same elements of thalamic circuitry (Shipp 2003): CTC circuitry may therefore be a vehicle for organizing and sculpting patterns of cortical activity over a more global scale than…”
Background
High-Resolution Brain SPECT Imaging and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in Police Officers With PTSD
Lansing, K., Amen, D., Hanks, C., & Rudy, L. (2005) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.17.4.526 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Primary visual cortex volume and total neuron number are reduced in schizophrenia
Dorph‐Petersen, K., Pierri, J. N., Wu, Q., Sampson, A. R., & Lewis, D. A. (2007) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.21243 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
“For example, the pulvinar, an association nucleus of the thalamus involved in higher-order visual processing, receives projections from BA17 (Grieve et al., 2000; Shipp, 2003).”
Background
A Laminar Organization for Selective Cortico-Cortical Communication
D’Souza, R. D., & Burkhalter, A. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2017.00071 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
“…receives inputs from, and sends afferents to, a number of Frontiers in Neuroanatomy | www.frontiersin.org 3 August 2017 | Volume 11 | Article 71 visual cortical areas, and is therefore a key hub for visual corticocortical communication (Sherman and Guillery, 1996; Grieve et al., 2000; Shipp, 2003).”
Background
Visual intracortical and transthalamic pathways carry distinct information to cortical areas
Blot, A., Roth, M., Gasler, I. T., Javadzadeh, M., Imhof, F., & Hofer, S. B. (2021) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2021.04.017 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Thalamic Control of Human Attention Driven by Memory and Learning
Bourbon‐Teles, J., Bentley, P., Koshino, S., Shah, K., Dutta, A., Malhotra, P., Egner, T., Masud Husain, B., & Soto, D. (2014) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.024 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
“Studies of visual thalamus have revealed important roles for pulvinar and lateral geniculate nucleus in visuospatial perception and attention [4–10] and for mediodorsal thalamus in oculomotor control [11].”
Features of acute DWI abnormalities related to status epilepticus
Chatzikonstantinou, A., Gass, A., Förster, A., Hennerici, M. G., & Szabo, K. (2011) · Epilepsy Research · doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.07.002 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Pain and temperature processing in dementia: a clinical and neuroanatomical analysis
Fletcher, P. D., Downey, L. E., Golden, H. L., Clark, C. N., Slattery, C. F., Paterson, R. W., Rohrer, J. D., Schott, J. M., Rossor, M. N., & Warren, J. D. (2015) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awv276 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
The medial pulvinar: function, origin and association with neurodevelopmental disorders
Homman‐Ludiye, J., & Bourne, J. A. (2019) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/joa.12932 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
“This organisation has been described as the replication principle where pulvinar connections replicate the cortico-cortical connections but not their functions (Shipp, 2003, 2004).”
Background
The functional logic of corticostriatal connections
Shipp, S. (2017) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-016-1250-9 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Parallel driving and modulatory pathways link the prefrontal cortex and thalamus
Zikopoulos, B., & Barbas, H. (2007) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000848 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“Thalamo-cortical projections targeting mostly the middle or superficial cortical layers have been reported for diverse thalamic nuclei [2,11,19,21,25,62–64].”
MCI patients’ EEGs show group differences between those who progress and those who do not progress to AD
Moretti, D. V., Frisoni, G. B., Fracassi, C., Pievani, M., Geroldi, C., Binetti, G. G., Rossini, P. M., & Zanetti, O. O. (2009) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.04.003 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Happily entangled: prediction, emotion, and the embodied mind
Miller, M., & Clark, A. (2018) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-017-1399-7 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Human pulvinar functional organization and connectivity
Barron, D. S., Eickhoff, S. B., Clos, M., & Fox, P. T. (2015) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22781 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“These gradients did not respect the traditional cytoarchitectural subdivisions, but could be reconciled with chemoarchitectural subdivisions [Gutierrez et al., 1995, 2000; Shipp, 2003] that can be recognized in the human pulvinar [Cola et al.”
BackgroundInfluential
Corticocortical and thalamocortical information flow in the primate visual system
Essen, D. C. V. (2005) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(05)49013-5 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Finding thalamic BOLD correlates to posterior alpha EEG
Liu, Z., de Zwart, J. A., Yao, B., van Gelderen, P., Kuo, L.-W., & Duyn, J. H. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.025 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“6a) and anatomical (Shipp, 2003) connections between Pul and the cortex make Pul well suitable to behave as a thalamic control unit for the widespread cortical alpha activity.”
Thalamic contributions to the state and contents of consciousness
Whyte, C. J., Redinbaugh, M. J., Shine, J. M., & Saalmann, Y. B. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.019 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Organizing principles of pulvino-cortical functional coupling in humans
Arcaro, M. J., Pinsk, M. A., Chen, J., & Kästner, S. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07725-6 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Posterior thalamic hemorrhage induces “pusher syndrome”
Karnath, H., Johannsen, L., Broetz, D., & Küker, W. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000154527.72841.4a · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The Hidden Snake in the Grass: Superior Detection of Snakes in Challenging Attentional Conditions
Soares, S. C., Lindström, B., Esteves, F. G., & Öhman, A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114724 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“The pulvinar, a higher level center of neuronal control, directly connects with the superior colliculus for attentional guidance [54–56].”
Background
Emotion recognition following human pulvinar damage
Ward, R. D., Calder, A. J., Parker, M., & Arend, I. C. (2007) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.09.017 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“In this integrative role, the broad tuning of pulvinar receptive fields may actually be an advantage: the broader the tuning, the broader the range for potential feature binding (as described by Shipp, 2003 ).”
BackgroundInfluential
Neuronal responses to face-like stimuli in the monkey pulvinar
Nguyen, M. N., Hori, E., Matsumoto, J., Tran, A. H., Ono, T., & Nishijo, H. (2013) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12020 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“In comparison, the pulvinar neurons in the long latency group might receive inputs from some other structures, such as the temporal association cortices, prefrontal cortex or the amygdala, which project to the pulvinar (Shipp, 2003).”
BackgroundInfluential
The active construction of the visual world
Parr, T., & Friston, K. J. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.08.003 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“This layer specific input is shared with other structures with a role in salience computations, including the basal ganglia (Shipp, 2007) and the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus (Shipp, 2003).”
Fast Detector/First Responder: Interactions between the Superior Colliculus-Pulvinar Pathway and Stimuli Relevant to Primates
Soares, S. C., Maior, R. S., Isbell, L. A., Tomaz, C. A. B., & Nishijo, H. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00067 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“The cortico-PUL-cortical circuits are involved in amplifying signals and improving signal-to-noise ratios (Shipp, 2003; Pessoa and Adolphs, 2010), as well as modulating interactions between oscillatory processes in different cortical areas, which contributes to visual attention (Serences and Yantis, 2006; Saalmann and…”
Background
Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: The role of thalamus
Capone, F., Collorone, S., Cortese, R., Lazzaro, V. D., & Moccia, M. (2019) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458519851247 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Cortical expressions of inhibition of return
Prime, D. J., & Ward, L. M. (2006) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.11.081 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Brain structure in pediatric Tourette syndrome
and The Tourette Association of America Neuroimaging Consortium, Greene, D. J., Williams III, A. C., Koller, J. M., Schlaggar, B. L., & Black, K. J. (2017) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.194 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“45,46 Given these widespread projections and innervations, we speculate that increased GM volume in TS may relate to multisensory integration in the thalamus, or to the linking of sensory input to cognitive, motivational-and movement-related areas of cortex.”
Towards a Unified View on Pathways and Functions of Neural Recurrent Processing
Pennartz, C. M. A., Dora, S., Muckli, L., & Lorteije, J. A. M. (2019) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2019.07.005 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“Furthermore, the corticothalamic connections within the pulvinar are organized according to the topographical organization of the cortical areas themselves [8], which will enable the pulvinar to simultaneously coordinate communication between different cortical areas.”
Influential
Reduced modulation of thalamocortical connectivity during exposure to sensory stimuli in ASD
Green, S. A., Hernandez, L. M., Bookheimer, S. Y., & Dapretto, M. (2016) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1726 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“…are not only involved in projecting incoming sensory information to appropriate cortical regions, but also in feedback loops between cortex and “higher-level” thalamic nuclei that serve to modulate attention and coordinate sensory processing [John, Zikopoulos, Bullock, & Barbas, 2016; Shipp, 2003].”
BackgroundMethod
A multisensory perspective onto primate pulvinar functions
Froesel, M., Cappe, C., & Hamed, S. B. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.043 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“Whether this functional gradient exists also for the other sensory modalities and how it maps onto our current knowledge of the pulvino-cortical connectivity and the well-established topographically organized dorso-ventral gradient (Baizer et al., 1993; Shipp, 2003) remains to”
BackgroundInfluential
The efference cascade, consciousness, and its self: naturalizing the first person pivot of action control.
Merker, B. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00501 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
“…depicted in Figure 2, by Frontiers in Psychology | Cognition August 2013 | Volume 4 | Article 501 | 12 noting that the principal elements and connections of Stewart Shipp’s proposed functional anatomy of the brain’s attention system lie embedded in that connectivity (see Shipp, 2003, 2004).”
Background
Out of sight but not out of mind: Unseen affective faces influence evaluations and social impressions.
Anderson, E., Siegel, E. H., White, D. A., & Barrett, L. F. (2012) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0027514 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“…findings are consistent with the neuroanatomical hypothesis that the dorsal stream is responsible for processing nonconscious information (Lyon, Nassi, & Callaway, 2010; Shipp, 2003), particularly when it has affective value (Barrett & Bar, 2009; Pessoa & Adolphs, 2010; Tamietto et al., 2009).”
BackgroundResult
Hierarchical and nonhierarchical features of the mouse visual cortical network
D’Souza, R. D., Wang, Q., Ji, W., Meier, A. M., Kennedy, H., Kenneth Knoblauch, B., & Burkhalter, A. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28035-y · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Does the Thalamo-Cortical Synchrony Play a Role in Seizure Termination?
Evangelista, E., Bénar, C., Bonini, F., Carron, R., Colombet, B., Régis, J. M., & Bartoloméi, F. (2015) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2015.00192 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“Such an organization of connectivity between PuM and cortex would allow the modulation of cortico-cortical networks (52).”
Benchmarking laminar fMRI: Neuronal spiking and synaptic activity during top-down and bottom-up processing in the different layers of cortex
Self, M. W., van Kerkoerle, T., Goebel, R., & Roelfsema, P. R. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.045 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“It should be noted however that these layers are also the targets of connections from the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus (Benevento and Rezak, 1976; Gambino et al., 2014; Shipp, 2003).”
Background
Spatial and temporal deficits are regionally dissociable in patients with pulvinar lesions
Arend, I. C., Rafal, R. D., & Ward, R. D. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn135 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Mapping of Thalamic Magnetic Susceptibility in Multiple Sclerosis Indicates Decreasing Iron with Disease Duration: A Proposed Mechanistic Relationship between Inflammation and Oligodendrocyte Vitality
Schweser, F., Martins, A. L. R. D., Hagemeier, J., Lin, F., Hanspach, J., Weinstock-Guttman, B., Hametner, S., Bergsland, N., Dwyer, M., & Zivadinov, R. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.10.063 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“Being the largest of the “association” nuclei (Shipp, 2003), the PUL receives the majority of its input directly from the cerebral cortex and participates primarily in reciprocal cortico-corical interactions.”
Background
Subcortical connections of area V4 in the macaque
Gattass, R., Galkin, T. W., Desimone, R., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2013) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.23513 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Periictal diffusion abnormalities of the thalamus in partial status epilepticus
Katramados, A. M., Burdette, D. E., Patel, S. C., Schultz, L. R., Gaddam, S., & Mitsias, P. D. (2008) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01736.x · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“It is clear that the pulvinar in the normal brain connects mainly to the striate cortex (Shipp, 2003), as well as the extrastriate visual and sensory multimodal association areas (Yeterian & Pandya, 1997).”
Background
What do we know about laminar connectivity?
Rockland, K. S. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.032 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“In contrast, a large number of layer 6 neurons terminate with divergent axon arborizations (>1.0mm), having a large number (~1,000) of small, stalked boutons (reminiscent of dendritic spines) at distal locations (Rockland, 1996; Shipp, 2003; Sherman, 2017).”
Influential
The superior parietal lobule of primates: a sensory-motor hub for interaction with the environment
Passarelli, L., Gamberini, M., & Fattori, P. (2021) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/j.jin.2021.01.334 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“The medial pulvinar is a multimodal associative nucleus: it has extensive connectivity with high-order cortical systems (but not with early sensory areas) [78], it forms the subcortical component of the attentional network of the brain [79, 80] and is involved in visuospatial processing and reward-based decision makin…”
Background
Superior colliculus neuronal ensemble activity signals optimal rather than subjective confidence
Odegaard, B., Grimaldi, P., Cho, S. H., Peters, M. A. K., Lau, H. C., & Basso, M. A. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1711628115 · Cited by 78 · see citing works

Pulvinar Structure, Circuitry & Function in Primates☆
Shipp, S. D. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.04740-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The replication principle revisited: a shared functional organization between pulvinar-cortical and cortico-cortical connectivity and its structural and molecular imaging correlatesPreprint
Basile, G. A., Ielo, A., Bonanno, L., Cerasa, A., Santoro, G., Milardi, D., Anastasi, G., Torre, A., Baldari, S., Laudicella, R., et al. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.100937.2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Pulvinar structure and circuitry in primates
Shipp, S. D. (2008) · UCL Discovery (University College London)
Role of the pulvinar in early visual cortical signaling in the macaque
Xu, A., Jasper, A. I., & Kohn, A. (2026) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117989
Shared functional organization between pulvinar-cortical and cortico-cortical connectivity and its structural and molecular imaging correlatesPreprint
Basile, G. A., Ielo, A., Bonanno, L., Cerasa, A., Santoro, G., Milardi, D., Anastasi, G., Torre, A., Baldari, S., Laudicella, R., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.1101/2024.07.11.603063 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Authors: Shipp, S.
Affiliations: University College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Shipp, S.
ORCID: Shipp, S.
Venue: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
Publisher: The Royal Society
Published: 2003-04-04
Volume: 358
Issue: 1438
Pages: 1605-1624
ISSN: 0962-8436 (ISSN-L)
1471-2970
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2002.1213
PMC: PMC1693262
OpenAlex: W2091166755
Cited by: 411
References: 132
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 0.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ (tdm)
Locations: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
Keywords: pulvinar, thalamocortical circuits, cortical topography, visual maps
MeSH terms: Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Cortical Synchronization, Humans, Models, Neurological, Neural Pathways, Neurochemistry, Pulvinar

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The functional logic of cortico-pulvinar connections

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