Intimate partner violence: relationships between alexithymia, depression, attachment styles, and coping strategies of battered women
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: One of the most common forms of violence against women is the intimate partner violence (IPV). This term includes physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and controlling behaviors by an intimate partner. AIM: This exploratory study investigates the relationship between alexithymia, adult attachment styles, depression, and coping strategies in a group of female victims of IPV and a control group. METHODS: Participants were 80 female victims of IPV with an age range from 18 years to 54 years (mean 31.62; standard deviation 9.81). The control group included 80 women with no history of IPV with an age range from 19 years to 37 years (mean 25.05; standard deviation 3.67). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We administered the following self-report questionnaires: (i) 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20); (ii) Coping Orientation Problems Experienced; (iii) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)-II; and (iv) Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). RESULTS: Compared with control group, the IPV group showed higher mean scores on TAS-20 (52.9 vs. 41.1, P < 0.001) and BDI-II (19.50 vs. 9.95, P < 0.001). In both groups, we found significant correlations between BDI-II and TAS-20 total scores (P < 0.001) and between BDI-II and the following dimensions of ASQ: confidence (P < 0.001), discomfort with closeness (P = 0.002), relationships as secondary (P < 0.001), need for approval (P < 0.001), and preoccupation with relationships (P < 0.001). Differently from the control group, in the IPV group, social support correlated significantly and positively (P < 0.001) with the dimension preoccupation with relationships on ASQ, but not with the secure attachment style. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison to the control group, alexithymia, depressive symptoms, and an insecure attachment style were negatively correlated with the ability to cope with stress for women in the IPV group.
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Three studies in the category pointing out a significant relationship between avoidant attachment and physical IPV victimization suffer from methodological concerns related to the lack of a validated measure of IPV.
“However, it has to be noted that from the last category, three studies suffer from methodological concerns related to the lack of a validated measure of IPV (Craparo et al., 2014; Hellemans et al., 2015; Karakoç et al., 2015).”
From Exploring Relationships: A Systematic Review on Intimate Partner Violence and Attachment (2018) · cites this paper as Craparo et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Craparo, G., Gori, A., Petruccelli, I., Cannella, V., & Simonelli, C.
- Affiliations
- Università degli Studi di Enna Kore (IT)
- University of Florence (IT)
- University of Palermo (IT)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Craparo, Giuseppe
- Venue
- The Journal of Sexual Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-06-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1484-1494
- ISSN
- 1743-6095 (ISSN-L)
- 1743-6109
- OpenAlex
- W1824355868
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 12.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- The Journal of Sexual Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- intimate partner violence, battered women, alexithymia, depression, attachment styles, insecure attachment, coping strategies, social support, stress coping, violence against women
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Affective Symptoms, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Object Attachment, Personality Inventory, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Support, Case-Control Studies, Battered Women, Young Adult
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