Immunology of neuromyelitis optica: a T cell-B cell collaboration
Open accessAbstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a debilitating autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS). The discovery of NMO‐immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the serum of NMO—but not MS—patients was a breakthrough in defining diagnostic criteria for NMO. NMO‐IgG is an antibody directed against the astrocytic water channel protein aquaporin‐4 (AQP4). While there is evidence that NMO‐IgG is also involved in mediating tissue damage in the CNS, many aspects of the pathogenic cascade in NMO remain to be determined. It is clear that antigen‐specific T cells contribute to the generation of NMO‐IgG in the peripheral immune compartment, as well as to the development of NMO lesions in the CNS. T helper 17 (Th17) cells, equipped both in providing B cell help and inducing tissue inflammation, may be involved in NMO development and pathogenesis. Here, we review immunologic aspects of NMO, placing recent findings in the biology of T–B cell cooperation into perspective with autoimmunity of the CNS.
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Pro-inflammatory autoantigen-specific CD4+ T helper (auto-Th) cells are central orchestrators of autoimmune diseases (AIDs).
“Pro-inflammatory autoantigen-specific CD4 + Thelper (auto-Th) cells are central orchestrators of autoimmune diseases (AIDs).”
From Autoantigen-specific CD4+ T cells acquire an exhausted phenotype and persist in human antigen-specific autoimmune diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [3]
The 'T cell specificity in NMO' section describes an important role for autoantigen-specific effector T cells in NMO, and 'T cell phenotype in NMO' links dysregulated Th1 and Th17 responses to organ-specific autoimmunity. The paper does not establish that these cells are central orchestrators of autoimmune diseases generally; it frames some of its conclusions about NMO as possibilities. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAuto-Th cells orchestrate autoimmune disease via pro-inflammatory cytokines and B cell help, resulting in autoantibody production, as demonstrated in animal models.
“This process is orchestrated by autoantigen-specific CD4 + T helper (autoTh) cells via pro-inflammatory cytokines and B cell help, resulting in autoantibody production, 1-3 as demonstrated in multiple animal models of AIDs.”
From Autoantigen-specific CD4+ T cells acquire an exhausted phenotype and persist in human antigen-specific autoimmune diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [3]
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T cell exhaustion: next-generation target of autoimmune diseases?
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- Authors
- Mitsdoerffer, M., Kuchroo, V., & Korn, T.
- Affiliations
- TUM Klinikum (DE)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Korn, Thomas
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-04
- Volume
- 1283
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 57-66
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- PMC
- PMC3963833
- OpenAlex
- W1893466103
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 1.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI044880)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
- Keywords
- neuromyelitis optica, aquaporin-4 antibodies, aquaporin-4, T cell-B cell cooperation, Th17 cells, neuroinflammation, autoantibody pathogenesis, multiple sclerosis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Lymphocyte Cooperation, Neuromyelitis Optica, B-Lymphocyte Subsets, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Mice
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