The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Electronic cigarettes: what are they and what do they do?
Open accessAbstract
Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) use electricity to power a heating element that aerosolizes a liquid containing solvents, flavorants, and the dependence‐producing drug nicotine for user inhalation. ECIGs have evolved rapidly in the past 8 years, and the changes in product design and liquid constituents affect the resulting toxicant yield in the aerosol and delivery to the user. This rapid evolution has been accompanied by dramatic increases in ECIG use prevalence in many countries among adults and, especially, adolescents in the United States. The increased prevalence of ECIGs that deliver nicotine and other toxicants to users’ lungs drives a rapidly growing research effort. This review highlights the most recent information regarding the design of ECIGs and their liquid and aerosol constituents, the epidemiology of ECIG use among adolescents and adults (including correlates of ECIG use), and preclinical and clinical research regarding ECIG effects. The current literature suggests a strong rationale for an empirical regulatory approach toward ECIGs that balances any potential ECIG‐mediated decreases in health risks for smokers who use them as substitutes for tobacco cigarettes against any increased risks for nonsmokers who may be attracted to them.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
Drug abuse: hedonic homeostatic dysregulation
Koob, G. F., & Moal, M. L. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5335.52 · Cited by 2,535
Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2011–2015
Singh, T., Arrazola, R. A., Corey, C. G., Husten, C. G., Neff, L. J., Homa, D. M., & King, B. A. (2016) · MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6514a1 · Cited by 1,240
Nicotine and the adolescent brain
Yuan, M., Cross, S. J., Loughlin, S. E., & Leslie, F. M. (2015) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp270492 · Cited by 623
Hidden formaldehyde in e-cigarette aerosols
Jensen, R. P., Luo, W., Pankow, J. F., Strongin, R. M., & Peyton, D. H. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc1413069 · Cited by 605
Heyder, J. (2004) · Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/pats.200409-046ta · Cited by 601
Farsalinos, K. E., Spyrou, A., Tsimopoulou, K., Stefopoulos, C., Romagna, G., & Voudris, V. (2014) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep04133 · Cited by 435
Brown, J., West, R., Beard, E., Michie, S., Shahab, L., & McNeill, A. (2014) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.03.009 · Cited by 242
Slotkin, T. A. (2008) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2007.09.002 · Cited by 206
Youth Tobacco Product Use in the United States
Lee, Y. O., Hebert, C. J., Nonnemaker, J. M., & Kim, A. E. (2015) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2014-3202 · Cited by 168
Cited by
Biomarkers of exposure to new and emerging tobacco delivery products
Schick, S. F., Blount, B. C., Jacob, P., Saliba, N. A., Bernert, J. T., El Hellani, A., Jatlow, P., Pappas, R. S., Wang, L., Foulds, J., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00343.2016 · Cited by 140
Gilbert, P. A., Kava, C. M., & Afifi, R. (2021) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa037 · Cited by 65
Al-Sawalha, N., Alzoubi, K., Khabour, O., Karaoghlanian, N., Ismail, Z., Shihadeh, A., & Eissenberg, T. (2020) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112911 · Cited by 16
Self-citationAddicott, M. A., Sutfin, E. L., Reynolds, L. M., Donny, E. C., Matich, E. K., & Hsu, P.-C. (2023) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000604 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Breland, A., Soule, E., Lopez, A., Ramôa, C., El‐Hellani, A., & Eissenberg, T.
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-01-15
- Volume
- 1394
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-30
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- OpenAlex
- W2235288409
- Cited by
- 341
- References
- 13
- FWCI
- 22.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Electronic cigarettes: what are they and what do they do? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/nyas.12977
- The paper
- Breland, A., Soule, E., Lopez, A., Ramôa, C., El‐Hellani, A., & Eissenberg, T. (2017). Electronic cigarettes: what are they and what do they do? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12977
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
