The Uncertainty Paradox: Perceived Threat Moderates the Effect of Uncertainty on Political Tolerance

Haas, Ingrid Johnsen; Cunningham, William A.

doi:10.1111/pops.12035

Cited by 96Social and Intergroup PsychologyElectoral Systems and Political ParticipationDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

The Uncertainty Paradox: Perceived Threat Moderates the Effect of Uncertainty on Political Tolerance

Haas, Ingrid Johnsen, Cunningham, William A.·2014·Political Psychology

DOI 10.1111/pops.12035

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Abstract

People respond to dissimilar political beliefs in a variety of ways, ranging from openness and acceptance to closed‐mindedness and intolerance. While there is reason to believe that uncertainty may influence political tolerance, the direction of this influence remains unclear. We propose that threat moderates the effect of uncertainty on tolerance; when safe, uncertainty leads to greater tolerance, yet when threatened, uncertainty leads to reduced tolerance. Using independent manipulations of threat and uncertainty, we provide support for this hypothesis. This research demonstrates that, although feelings of threat and uncertainty can be independent, it is also important to understand their interaction.

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Individuals with a lower threshold for tolerating uncertainty tend to be more rigid and closed-minded in their worldviews, values, and attitudes, especially when uncertainty is explicitly linked with threat.
“Individuals with a lower threshold for tolerating uncertainty tend to be more rigid and closed-minded in their worldviews, values, and attitudes [45,153], especially when uncertainty is explicitly linked with threat [154,155].”
From Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective. (2025) · cites this paper as [155]

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Introduction
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Immediate and Potential Value
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Framing Value Creation
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Framing Participation
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Epilogue
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Prologue
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Evaluating
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Flows into Other Social Learning Spaces
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Applied and Realized Value
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The Art of Making Value Visible
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References
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Effect Data
Wenger, É., & Wenger-Trayner, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677431.025
Contribution Data
Wenger, É., & Wenger-Trayner, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677431.026
Translating Value
Wenger, É., & Wenger-Trayner, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677431.017
Value Creation
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Social Learning Spaces
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Framing
Wenger, É., & Wenger-Trayner, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677431.020
Conducting a Framing Event
Wenger, É., & Wenger-Trayner, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677431.023
Generating Value
Wenger, É., & Wenger-Trayner, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677431.012
Political Psychology
Haas, I. J. (2016) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199828340-0178
Self-citation
Conclusion
Li, K. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-33-4803-5_10
Index
Wenger, É., & Wenger-Trayner, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677431.032
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Immersive proximity to suffering and crisis: The democratic implications of distressing virtual reality content
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The Uncertainty Paradox: Perceived Threat Moderates the Impact of Uncertainty on Political Tolerance
Haas, I. J., & Cunningham, W. A. (2014) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska)
Self-citation
The Context-Dependent Nature of Uncertainty: Responses to Uncertainty are Moderated by the Presence or Absence of Threat
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Does a feeling of uncertainty promote intolerant political attitudes and behavior? Moderating the role of personal value orientations
Šerek, J., Havlík, V., Scott, Z., & Vejvodová, P. (2016)
Threat and Political Tolerance
Marcus, G. E., Sullivan, J. L., Theiss‐Morse, E., & Wood, S. L. (1995) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139174046.009
The Impact of Uncertainty, Threat, and Political Identity on Support for Political Compromise
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Self-citation

Authors: Haas, I. J., & Cunningham, W. A.
Affiliations: University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
University of Toronto (CA)
ORCID: Haas, Ingrid Johnsen
Cunningham, William A.
Venue: Political Psychology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2013-06-12
Volume: 35
Issue: 2
Pages: 291-302
ISSN: 0162-895X (ISSN-L)
1467-9221
DOI: 10.1111/pops.12035
OpenAlex: W2147442708
Cited by: 96
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2
FWCI: 9.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Political Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords: political tolerance, uncertainty, threat perception, political beliefs, intolerance

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The Uncertainty Paradox: Perceived Threat Moderates the Effect of Uncertainty on Political Tolerance

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