Induction of dyspnea evokes increased anxiety and maladaptive breathing in individuals with high anxiety sensitivity and suffocation fear
Abstract
Although respiratory symptoms are relevant for diagnosis and etiology of panic disorder, anxiety responses and breathing behavior evoked by induction of dyspnea have rarely been studied. Therefore, dyspnea sensations and affective evaluations evoked by inspiratory resistive loads of different intensities were first assessed in 23 individuals with high versus 24 participants with low anxiety sensitivity (AS). High AS participants with high fear of suffocation rated loads of the same physical intensity as more unpleasant and reported more intense feelings of dyspnea and more respiratory and panic symptoms than low AS individuals. In the second experiment assessing physiological responses to physically comparable loads, high suffocation fear participants showed an increase in minute ventilation to compensate for fear-induced air hunger. This ventilation behavior results in increased frequency of dyspnea sensations, thus increasing fear of suffocation.
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Controlled breathing can potentially reduce anxiety by decreasing anterior insula activity.
“Thus, controlled breathing can potentially act in the opposite way and reduce anxiety by decreasing anterior insula activity.”
From Brief structured respiration practices enhance mood and reduce physiological arousal (2023) · cites this paper as [54]
People with high anxiety and panic disorder have less tolerance for breathlessness and have heightened activity in the anterior insula.
“People with high anxiety and panic disorder have less tolerance for breathlessness and have heightened activity in the anterior insula, a region central to interoception of visceral signals and central to the salience network.”
From Brief structured respiration practices enhance mood and reduce physiological arousal (2023) · cites this paper as [54]
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- Authors
- Alius, M. G., Pané‐Farré, C. A., Von Leupoldt, A., & Hamm, A. O.
- Affiliations
- Universität Greifswald (DE)
- Department of Clinical Psychology University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
- Corresponding author
- Alius, Manuela G.
- ORCID
- Hamm, Alfons O.
- Venue
- Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-02-20
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 488-497
- ISSN
- 0048-5772 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8986
- OpenAlex
- W1557070304
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 4.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Keywords
- dyspnea, anxiety sensitivity, inspiratory resistance, air hunger, panic disorder, anxiety, minute ventilation, respiratory symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Asphyxia, Carbon Dioxide, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Dyspnea, Fear, Female, Galvanic Skin Response, Humans, Male, Phobic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Respiration, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult
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