Levels of appraisal: a medial prefrontal role in high-level appraisal of emotional material.
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Appraisal refers to the evaluation of the meaning of emotional stimuli and is considered causal in the generation of an emotional response. Cognitive neuroscience has paid little attention to a theoretical distinction between low-level appraisal, considered to be automatic and preattentive, and high-level appraisal that requires attentional and working memory resources. To disentangle low-level from high-level appraisal, we varied cognitive load in a concurrent, unrelated working memory task, while anxiety was induced through anticipation of impending pain. Confirming theoretical predictions, we show that anxiety-related activity in dorsal medial prefrontal/rostral anterior cingulate cortex (dorsal MPFC/ACC) is attenuated under high, relative to low, cognitive load. Lateral prefrontal regions previously implicated in reappraisal and cognitive emotion regulation show a similar interaction between anxiety and cognitive load. Critically, there were no changes in physiological and subjective measures of low-level appraisal outcome and emotional response generation as a function of load, allowing us to conclude that MPFC/ACC and lateral PFC activity during anticipatory anxiety reflects high-level appraisal. Our data provide neurobiological evidence for a distinction between low-level and high-level appraisal mechanisms.
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Emotional processes need to model the organism as an entity with goals realized or frustrated in action.
“they need to model the organism as an entity with goals realized or frustrated in action (including internal regulatory action)”
From Pain Asymbolia as Depersonalization for Pain Experience. An Interoceptive Active Inference Account (2020) · cites this paper as Kalisch et al., 2006
The Introduction discusses appraisal of emotional material, including reward and punishment expectations, and the Discussion mentions motivational relevance and evaluation of actions. Neither section says that emotional processes must model an organism as an entity whose goals are realized or frustrated through action, including internal regulatory action. Searches for those concepts found no passage establishing the attributed point; page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.72)
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- Authors
- Kalisch, R., Wiech, K., Critchley, H. D., & Dolan, R. J.
- Affiliations
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-05
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1458-1466
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2079207266
- Cited by
- 206
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 7.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- emotional appraisal, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, rostral anterior cingulate cortex, cognitive load, anticipatory anxiety, pain anticipation, working memory, lateral prefrontal cortex, cognitive emotion regulation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Arousal, Attention, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Emotions, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Nerve Net, Pain, Psychomotor Performance, Serial Learning, Prefrontal Cortex, Imaging, Three-Dimensional
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