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Cited by 20Thermoregulation and physiological responsesBody Composition Measurement TechniquesNutrition, Health and Food Behavior

Athletes with different habitual fluid intakes differ in hydration status but not in body water compartments

Francisco, Rúben, Jesus, Filipe, Nunes, Catarina L., Cioffi, Iolanda, Alvim, Marta, Mendonca, Goncalo V., Lukaski, Henry, Sardinha, Luís B. +1 more·2023·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
DOI 10.1111/sms.14355
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Abstract

Physiological differences have been reported between individuals who have habitual low (LOW) and high (HIGH) water intake (WI). The aims of this study were to explore body water compartments, hydration status, and fat‐free mass (FFM) hydration of elite athletes exposed to different habitual WI. A total of 68 athletes (20.6 ± 5.3 years, 23 females) participated in this observational cross‐sectional study. Total WI was assessed by seven‐day food diaries and through WI, athletes were categorized as HIGH (n = 28, WI≥40.0 mL/kg/d) and LOW (n = 40, WI≤35.0 mL/kg/d). Total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) were determined by dilution techniques and intracellular water (ICW) as TBW‐ECW. Hydration status was assessed by urine‐specific gravity (USG) using a refractometer. Fat (FM) and FFM were assessed by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). The FFM hydration was calculated by TBW/FFM. The USG was statistically different between groups for females (LOW: 1.024 ± 0.003; HIGH: 1.015 ± 0.006; p = 0.005) and males (LOW: 1.024 ± 0.002; HIGH: 1.018 ± 0.005; p < 0.001). No differences between groups were detected in body water compartments and FFM hydration in both sexes (p > 0.05). Multiple regression showed that WI remains a predictor of USG regardless of FFM, age, and sex (β = −0.0004, p < 0.01). We concluded that LOW athletes were classified as dehydrated through USG although their water compartments were not different from HIGH athletes. These results suggest that LOW athletes may expectedly maintain the body water compartments' homeostasis through endocrine mechanisms. Interventions should be taken to encourage athletes to have sufficient WI to maintain optimal hydration.

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Crossref · 10.1111/sms.14355

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  • A comprehensive determination of body mass components using multi-components models enables a valid assessment of body composition in different populations, especially those with non-conventional hydration or density properties (e.g., children, athletes, or older individuals).

    “Therefore, a comprehensive determination of body mass components using multi-components models enables a valid assessment of body composition in different populations, especially those with non-conventional hydration or density properties (e.g., children, athletes, or older individuals) [6, 12].”

    From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [12]

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Authors
Francisco, R., Jesus, F., Nunes, C. L., Cioffi, I., Alvim, M., Mendonca, G. V., Lukaski, H., Sardinha, L. B., & Silva, A. M.
Affiliations
  • University of Lisbon (PT)
  • Federico II University Hospital (IT)
  • National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (PT)
  • Neuromuscular Research Lab, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
  • University of North Dakota (US)
Corresponding author
Francisco, Rúben
ORCID
Venue
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2023-03-26
Volume
33
Issue
7
Pages
1072-1078
ISSN
  • 0905-7188 (ISSN-L)
  • 1600-0838
DOI
10.1111/sms.14355
OpenAlex
W4360601291
Cited by
20
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 1
FWCI
3.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Keywords
hydration status, body water compartments, urine specific gravity, total body water, extracellular water, intracellular water, athletes, fluid intake
MeSH terms
Organism Hydration Status, Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Adult, Body Water, Drinking, Female, Habits, Humans, Male, Absorptiometry, Photon, Body Mass Index, Young Adult, Athletes

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