Lateral suppressor and Goblet act in hierarchical order to regulate ectopic meristem formation at the base of tomato leaflets
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Summary: In seed plants, new axes of growth are established by the formation of meristems, groups of pluripotent cells that maintain themselves and initiate the formation of lateral organs. After embryonic development, secondary shoot meristems form in the boundary zones between the shoot apical meristem and leaf primordia, the leaf axils. In addition, many plant species develop ectopic meristems at different positions of the plant body. In the compound tomato leaf, ectopic meristems can initiate at the base of leaflets, which are delimited by two distinct boundary zones, referred to as the proximal ( PLB ) and distal ( DLB ) leaflet boundaries. We demonstrate that the two leaflet boundaries differ from each other and that ectopic meristem formation is strictly limited to the DLB . Our data suggest that the DLB harbours a group of pluripotent cells that seems to be the launching pad for meristem formation. Initiation of these meristems is dependent on the activities of the transcriptional regulators Goblet ( Gob ) and Lateral suppressor ( Ls ), specifically expressed in the DLB . Gob and Ls act in hierarchical order, because Ls transcript accumulation is dependent on Gob activity, but not vice versa. Ectopic meristem formation at the DLB is also observed in other seed plants, like Cardamine pratensis , indicating that it is part of a widespread developmental program. Ectopic meristem formation leads to an increase in the number of buds, enhances the capacity for survival and opens the route to vegetative propagation.
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Cells at distal leaflet boundaries of tomato and Cardamine pratensis are less differentiated, lack differentiation markers such as stomata or trichomes, and exhibit down-regulation of Histone H4 mRNA accumulation, indicating a low cell division rate.
“At the same time, these cells are less differentiated, as indicated by the lack of differentiation markers, such as stomata or trichomes, and exhibit a down-regulation of Histone H4 mRNA accumulation, indicating a low cell division rate (Rossmann et al., 2015; Fig. 1d).”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Rossmann et al., 2015
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNAM/CUC3 gene expression in the distal leaflet boundary is evolutionarily conserved in many compound leaved species, such as Aquilegia caerulea, S. tuberosum, C. hirsuta, P. sativum and C. pratensis.
“NAM/ CUC3 gene expression in the distal leaflet boundary is evolutionarily conserved in many compound leaved species, such as Aquilegia caerulea, S. tuberosum, C. hirsuta, P. sativum and C. pratensis (Blein et al., 2008;Berger et al., 2009;Rossmann et al., 2015).”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Rossmann et al., 2015
The “Ectopic meristem formation beyond tomato” section (page not specified in our copy) reports CpCUC2 and CpCUC3 expression in distal leaflet boundaries of C. pratensis, and the paper discusses the homologous Gob gene in tomato. It does not establish the claimed expression pattern across all the listed species; C. hirsuta appears in the methods as the source of probes, not as a species in which expression was demonstrated. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDistal leaflet boundaries of tomato and Cardamine pratensis leaves harbor smaller cells compared with surrounding tissues.
“The distal leaflet boundaries of tomato and Cardamine pratensis leaves were shown to harbor smaller cells in comparison to surrounding tissues (Rossmann et al., 2015).”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Rossmann et al., 2015
The two genes Ls and Gob act in hierarchical order, with Ls being downstream of Gob, to initiate new meristems at distal leaflet boundaries.
“Genetic experiments and expression studies suggest that the two genes act in hierarchical order, with Ls being downstream of Gob, to initiate new meristems at distal leaflet boundaries (Rossmann et al., 2015).”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Rossmann et al., 2015
The leaf axil and the distal leaflet boundary harbor pluripotent cell groups that retain the competence for meristem formation.
“The patterns of cell division and the absence of well-known differentiation markers, such as stomata and trichomes, indicate that the leaf axil and the distal leaflet boundary harbor pluripotent cell groups that retain the competence for meristem formation (Rossmann et al., 2015).”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Rossmann et al., 2015
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Cites
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Sorted by citations
Two-Step Regulation of a Meristematic Cell Population Acting in Shoot Branching in Arabidopsis
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Rossmann, S., Kohlen, W., Hasson, A., & Theres, K.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Theres, Klaus
- Venue
- The Plant Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 837-848
- ISSN
- 0960-7412 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-313X
- OpenAlex
- W2098266028
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 4.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Plant Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FE552/12-1)
- Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung (1146256)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- goblet, compound leaf development, tomato, transcriptional regulation, pluripotent cells, vegetative propagation, Cardamine pratensis, shoot apical meristem
- MeSH terms
- Mutation, Phenotype, Plant Proteins, Transcription Factors, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Plant Leaves, Meristem, Plant Shoots, Solanum lycopersicum, Plants, Genetically Modified
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