Brassinosteroids regulate organ boundary formation in the shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis
Open accessAbstract
Spatiotemporal control of the formation of organ primordia and organ boundaries from the stem cell niche in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) determines the patterning and architecture of plants, but the underlying signaling mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we show that brassinosteroids (BRs) play a key role in organ boundary formation by repressing organ boundary identity genes. BR-hypersensitive mutants display organ-fusion phenotypes, whereas BR-insensitive mutants show enhanced organ boundaries. The BR-activated transcription factor BZR1 directly represses the CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON ( CUC ) family of organ boundary identity genes. In WT plants, BZR1 accumulates at high levels in the nuclei of central meristem and organ primordia but at a low level in organ boundary cells to allow CUC gene expression. Activation of BR signaling represses CUC gene expression and causes organ fusion phenotypes. This study uncovers a role for BR in the spatiotemporal control of organ boundary formation and morphogenesis in the SAM.
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LOB1-mediated decrease of brassinosteroid activity causes a reduction of cell size and cell division rate in the boundary zone compared to neighboring zones.
“The LOB1-mediated decrease of brassinosteroid activity causes a reduction of cell size and cell division rate in the boundary zone compared to neighboring zones (Bell et al., 2012; Gendron et al., 2012).”
From Shaping plant architecture (2015) · cites this paper as Gendron et al., 2012
The Discussion (page unavailable) says LOB is reported to activate BAS1, an enzyme that inactivates brassinosteroids, and that reduced BR signaling in boundary cells permits genes required for growth arrest. The Results (page unavailable) report smaller boundary cells in a BR-deficient mutant. Our copy does not establish that LOB-mediated BR reduction causes a lower cell-division rate in boundary cells than in neighboring zones. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLOF1 and CUC genes show complex interactions, regulating each other's expression.
“In addition, LOF1 and CUC genes show complex interactions, regulating each other's expression (Lee et al., 2009;Gendron et al., 2012; Fig. 3).”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Gendron et al., 2012
The Results (Fig. 2I; page not provided) show that LOF1 RNA decreases in cuc2 and cuc3 mutants, supporting regulation of LOF1 expression by CUC2 and CUC3. The Discussion also describes CUC genes as required for LOF expression. Neither passage establishes the reverse direction—that LOF1 regulates CUC expression—so the claimed mutual regulation is only partly supported. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCUC genes are down-regulated by brassinosteroids.
“CUC genes are down-regulated by brassinosteroids.”
From Shaping plant architecture (2015) · cites this paper as Gendron et al., 2012
Low brassinosteroid activity in the boundary zone allows the induction of CUC genes.
“Thus, low brassinosteroid activity in the boundary zone not only reduces cell expansion and division as described above, but also allows the induction of CUC genes (Bell et al., 2012; Gendron et al., 2012).”
From Shaping plant architecture (2015) · cites this paper as Gendron et al., 2012
In wild type, BZR1 proteins accumulate to high levels in the central meristem and organ primordia, limiting expression of a specific set of genes, including CUC genes, to the boundary.
“In wild type, BZR1 proteins accumulate to high levels in the central meristem and organ primordia, limiting the expression of a specific set of genes, including CUC genes, to the boundary (Gendron et al., 2012).”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Gendron et al., 2012
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“The LOB1-mediated decrease of brassinosteroid activity causes a reduction of cell size and cell division rate in the boundary zone compared to neighboring zones (Bell et al., 2012; Gendron et al., 2012).”
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- Authors
- Gendron, J. M., Liu, J.-S., Fan, M., Bai, M.-Y., Wenkel, S., Springer, P. S., Barton, M. K., & Wang, Z.-Y.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Institution for Science (US)
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305; and
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2012-12-04
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 51
- Pages
- 21152-21157
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3529081
- OpenAlex
- W2141148584
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 20.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM066258)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Keywords
- brassinosteroids, shoot apical meristem, BZR1, organ primordia, transcriptional repression, plant morphogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Cell Nucleus, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Mutation, Phenotype, Signal Transduction, Genes, Plant, Arabidopsis, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Meristem, Plant Shoots, Microscopy, Confocal, Arabidopsis Proteins, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Brassinosteroids
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