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Neuron-glia metabolic coupling and plasticity

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Magistretti, Pierre J.·2011·Experimental Physiology

Abstract

The coupling between synaptic activity and glucose utilization (neurometabolic coupling) is a central physiological principle of brain function that has provided the basis for 2-deoxyglucose-based functional imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). Astrocytes play a central role in neurometabolic coupling, and the basic mechanism involves glutamate-stimulated aerobic glycolysis; the sodium-coupled reuptake of glutamate by astrocytes and the ensuing activation of the Na-K-ATPase triggers glucose uptake and processing via glycolysis, resulting in the release of lactate from astrocytes. Lactate can then contribute to the activity-dependent fuelling of the neuronal energy demands associated with synaptic transmission. An operational model, the 'astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle', is supported experimentally by a large body of evidence, which provides a molecular and cellular basis for interpreting data obtained from functional brain imaging studies. In addition, this neuron-glia metabolic coupling undergoes plastic adaptations in parallel with adaptive mechanisms that characterize synaptic plasticity. Thus, distinct subregions of the hippocampus are metabolically active at different time points during spatial learning tasks, suggesting that a type of metabolic plasticity, involving by definition neuron-glia coupling, occurs during learning. In addition, marked variations in the expression of genes involved in glial glycogen metabolism are observed during the sleep-wake cycle, with in particular a marked induction of expression of the gene encoding for protein targeting to glycogen (PTG) following sleep deprivation. These data suggest that glial metabolic plasticity is likely to be concomitant with synaptic plasticity.

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Show all 18 references

Research works printed but not linked: 14

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Metadata

Authors
Magistretti, P. J.
Venue
Experimental Physiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2011-01-28
Volume
96
Issue
4
Pages
407-410
ISSN
0958-0670 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W783873688
Cited by
747
References
18
FWCI
13.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green
Licence

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Magistretti, P. J. (2011). Neuron-glia metabolic coupling and plasticity. Experimental Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2010.053157

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