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Cited by 121Sports Performance and TrainingMuscle activation and electromyography studiesCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Short‐term training for explosive strength causes neural and mechanical adaptations

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Tillin, Neale A., Pain, Matthew T. G., Folland, Jonathan P.·2012·Experimental Physiology
DOI 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.063040
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Abstract

This study investigated the neural and peripheral adaptations to short‐term training for explosive force production. Ten men trained the knee extensors with unilateral explosive isometric contractions (1 s ‘fast and hard’) for 4 weeks. Before and after training, force was recorded at 50‐ms intervals from force onset (F50, F100 and F150) during both voluntary and involuntary (supramaximal evoked octet; eight pulses at 300 Hz) explosive isometric contractions. Neural drive during the explosive voluntary contractions was measured with the ratio of voluntary/octet force, and average EMG normalized to the peak‐to‐peak M‐wave of the three superficial quadriceps. Maximal voluntary force (MVF) was also measured, and ultrasonic images of the vastus lateralis were recorded during ramped contractions to assess muscle–tendon unit stiffness between 50 and 90% MVF. There was an increase in voluntary F50 (+54%), F100 (+15%) and F150 (+14%) and in octet F50 (+7%) and F100 (+10%). Voluntary F100 and F150, and octet F50 and F100 increased proportionally with MVF (+11%). However, the increase in voluntary F50 was +37% even after normalization to MVF, and coincided with a 42% increase in both voluntary/octet force and agonist‐normalized EMG over the first 50 ms. Muscle–tendon unit stiffness between 50 and 90% MVF also increased. In conclusion, enhanced agonist neural drive and MVF accounted for improved explosive voluntary force production in the early and late phases of the contraction, respectively. The increases in explosive octet force and muscle–tendon unit stiffness provide novel evidence of peripheral adaptations within merely 4 weeks of training for explosive force production.

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  • Short-term (e.g., 2-8 weeks) strength training programs tend to increase RFD significantly, when increases in MU discharge rates are elicited without substantive fibre type transformation or hypertrophy, whereas longer periods of strength training may have less effect on (or might even reduce) RFD, when less change in MU discharge rate presumably occurs but reductions in type IIX myosin heavy链

    “short-term (e.g., 2–8 weeks) strength training programs tend to increase RFD significantly (e.g., Holtermann et al. 2007; Ogasawara et al. 2013; Tillin et al. 2012b), when increases in MU discharge rates are elicited without substantive fibre type transformation or hypertrophy, whereas longer periods of strength training may have less effect on (or might even reduce) RFD (Hakkinen et al. 1985; O”

    From Rate of force development: physiological and methodological considerations (2016) · cites this paper as Tillin et al. 2012b

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Authors
Tillin, N. A., Pain, M. T. G., & Folland, J. P.
Affiliations
  • Loughborough University (GB)
  • University of Roehampton (GB)
Corresponding author
Tillin, Neale A.
ORCID
Venue
Experimental Physiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2012-04-04
Volume
97
Issue
5
Pages
630-641
ISSN
  • 0958-0670 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-445X
DOI
10.1113/expphysiol.2011.063040
OpenAlex
W2169360809
Cited by
120
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8
FWCI
8.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Experimental Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Loughborough University
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
explosive strength, short-term training, neural drive, muscle-tendon stiffness, knee extensors, isometric contraction, EMG normalization, peripheral adaptation, vastus lateralis, quadriceps
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Physiological, Electromyography, Humans, Isometric Contraction, Male, Muscle Contraction, Tendons, Ultrasonography, Muscle, Skeletal, Resistance Training, Young Adult

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