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Deep optical imaging of tissue using the second and third near-infrared spectral windows
Open accessAbstract
Light at wavelengths in the near-infrared (NIR) region allows for deep penetration and minimal absorption through high scattering tissue media. NIR light has been conventionally used through the first NIR optical tissue window with wavelengths from 650 to 950 nm. Longer NIR wavelengths had been overlooked due to major water absorption peaks and a lack of NIR-CCD detectors. The second NIR spectral window from 1100 to 1350 nm and a new spectral window from 1600 to 1870 nm, known as the third NIR optical window, were investigated. Optical attenuation measurements from thin tissue slices of normal and malignant breast and prostate tissues, pig brain, and chicken tissue were obtained in the spectral range from 400 to 2500 nm. Optical images of chicken tissue overlying three black wires were also obtained using the second and third spectral windows. Due to a reduction in scattering and minimal absorption, longer attenuation lengths and clearer optical images could be seen in the second and third NIR optical windows compared to the conventional first NIR optical window. A possible fourth optical window centered at 2200 nm was noted.
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“Sordillo et al.58 described the potential of longer wavelength light to follow a linear trajectory for a greater distance than shorter wavelength light, due to a reduction in scattering and absorption coefficients.”
From Effect of skin color on optical properties and the implications for medical optical technologies: a review (2024) · cites this paper as [58]
In the citing paper
“NIR I has been well characterised for imaging human tissue [12,18,20–25], and NIR II, III and IV have been shown to offer increased penetration and optical transparency over NIR I in a range of ex-vivo and in-vivo tissue including normal and malignant breast and prostate tissue, human aorta, pig and mouse brain and chicken and rat tissue [18,26–28].”
From Relevance and utility of the in-vivo and ex-vivo optical properties of the skin reported in the literature: a review [Invited] (2023) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Similar has been shown to be true for other tissues, and NIR II and III have also been exploited for deep-tissue high-resolution optical imaging [27,31–36].”
From Relevance and utility of the in-vivo and ex-vivo optical properties of the skin reported in the literature: a review [Invited] (2023) · cites this paper as [27]
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Special classes of optical vector vortex beams are Majorana-like photons
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“Due to the overlap of the water peak with the hemoglobin peak [51], the wavelength range of hemoglobin absorption (500–800 nm) is not considered for a future model.”
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“PAI typically uses NIR (750 to 1800 nm) and visible light (400 to 750 nm) to excite acoustic vibrations [119].”
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“In addition, in terms of the optical windows for characterization of biological tissues, Sordillo et al.52 showed that light in this region experiences stronger attenuation compared to regions within the optical windows.”
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“In contrast, the longer attenuation length in the NIR-III window [22] indicates the great potential of this optical window.”
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“Note that these values correspond to wavelengths in the first NIR optical window, known as the therapeutic window, where tissue absorption is small compared to scattering [31].”
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“Various spectroscopic methods (cumulatively known as “absorption spectroscopy”) rely on the fact that each absorber has unique spectral characteristics, which serve as molecular signatures [26–28].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Sordillo, L. A., Pu, Y., Pratavieira, S., Budansky, Y., & Alfano, R. R.
- Affiliations
- City College of New York (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Biomedical Optics
- Publisher
- SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
- Published
- 2014-05-07
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 05
- Pages
- 1-6
- ISSN
- 1083-3668 (ISSN-L)
- 1560-2281
- OpenAlex
- W2090063882
- Cited by
- 407
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 8
- FWCI
- 23.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Biomedical Optics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command (W81XWH-11-1-0335)
- U. S. Army Medical Research and Material Command (W81XWH-11-1-0335)
- U. S. Army Medical Research and Material Command USAMRMC (W81XWH-11-1-0335, 47204-00-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Optical Coherence Tomography Applications
- Keywords
- deep tissue imaging, optical loss, tissue scattering, breast tissue, prostate tissue, pig brain, chicken tissues, water absorption, optical imaging
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Chemistry, Breast Neoplasms, Chickens, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prostatic Neoplasms, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Swine, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared, Optical Imaging
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