Cited by 2,837Phonetics and Phonology ResearchSpeech and Audio ProcessingVoice and Speech Disorders

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Control Methods Used in a Study of the Vowels

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Peterson, Gordon E., Barney, Harold L.·1952·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

DOI 10.1121/1.1906875

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Abstract

Relationships between a listener's identification of a spoken vowel and its properties as revealed from acoustic measurement of its sound wave have been a subject of study by many investigators. Both the utterance and the identification of a vowel depend upon the language and dialectal backgrounds and the vocal and auditory characteristics of the individuals concerned. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the control methods that have been used in the evaluation of these effects in a vowel study program at Bell Telephone Laboratories. The plan of the study, calibration of recording and measuring equipment, and methods for checking the performance of both speakers and listeners are described. The methods are illustrated from results of tests involving some 76 speakers and 70 listeners.

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BackgroundInfluential
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“The work in [71], one of the most widely cited experiments on the acoustics and perception of vowels, was conducted at Bell Telephone Laboratories by Peterson and Barney in 19524 and is an example of a study focusing on pitch and formants.”
Background
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Background
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“While it maybe impractical to use manually-derived formant constraints in applications, a possible solution could be to use average formant values for known vowels (/æ/ for subject FM3 and / ε / for the other subjects), as listed in [17].”
Method
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Background
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BackgroundResult
Responses to cochlear normalized speech stimuli in the auditory nerve of cat
Recio‐Spinoso, A., Rhode, W. S., Kiefte, M., et al. (2002) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.1468878 · Cited by 22
Investigating the acoustic effect of the descended larynx with articulatory models
de Boer, B. (2010) · Journal of Phonetics · doi:10.1016/j.wocn.2010.10.003 · Cited by 22
“An evolutionary interpretation of these observations could be that the female vocal tract has evolved to be optimal for speech, while the male vocal tract has also evolved under another pressure, most likely size exaggeration.”
Background
Perception of dynamic information for vowels in syllable onsets and offsets
Jenkins, J. J., & Strange, W. (1999) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03207623 · Cited by 22
The role of planum temporale in processing accent variation in spoken language comprehension
Adank, P., Noordzij, M. L., & Peter Hagoort, A. (2011) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21218 · Cited by 22
“This is a remarkable feat, given the variability inherent to this signal, for instance, as a result from speaker differences [Peterson and Barney, 1952].”
Background
On the Acoustic and Perceptual Characterization of Reference Vowels in a Cross-language Perspective.
Vaissière, J. (2011) · Cited by 22
The Perception of Speech in Early Infancy
Kuhl, P. K. (1979) · Speech and language: advances in basic research and practice · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-608601-0.50006-1 · Cited by 26
Language-Specific, Hearing-Related Changes in Vowel Spaces: A Preliminary Study of English- and Spanish-Speaking Cochlear Implant Users
Perkell, J. S., Numa, W. A., Vick, J. C., et al. (2001) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/00003446-200112000-00003 · Cited by 22
“Also shown are normative values for male speakers of American English (small inverted triangles connected by dotted lines [Peterson & Barney, 1952]), to help indicate the relative positions of the English and Spanish vowel spaces.”
BackgroundInfluential
Articulatory Changes with Short-Term Deactivation of the Cochlear Implants of Two Prelingually Deafened Children
Higgins, M. B., McCleary, E. A., & Schulte, L. (2001) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/00003446-200102000-00004 · Cited by 22
“For example, S1’s formant frequencies for [i] and [ɑ] and VOTs for [p] and [b] were within the ranges reported for normally hearing children (Eguchi & Hirsch, 1969; Hillenbrand, Getty, Clark, & Wheeler, 1995; Peterson & Barney, 1952; Zlatin & Koenigsknecht, 1976).”
Result

Authors: Peterson, G. E., & Barney, H. L.
Affiliations: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., Murray Hill, New Jersey
Venue: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
Published: 1952-03-01
Volume: 24
Issue: 2
Pages: 175-184
ISSN: 0001-4966 (ISSN-L)
1520-8524
DOI: 10.1121/1.1906875
OpenAlex: W2056133372
Cited by: 2,837
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 41 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 92 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 90 · 2016: 90 · 2015: 97 · 2014: 94 · 2013: 136 · 2012: 118
FWCI: 5.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: other-oa
Locations: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (publishedVersion)
MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Speech and Audio Processing
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Voice and Speech Disorders
Keywords: vowel recognition, listener identification, equipment calibration, auditory characteristics, speech perception

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Control Methods Used in a Study of the Vowels

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