Cited by 2,837Phonetics and Phonology ResearchSpeech and Audio ProcessingVoice and Speech Disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Control Methods Used in a Study of the Vowels

Open access

Peterson, Gordon E., Barney, Harold L.·1952·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

DOI 10.1121/1.1906875

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Relationships between a listener's identification of a spoken vowel and its properties as revealed from acoustic measurement of its sound wave have been a subject of study by many investigators. Both the utterance and the identification of a vowel depend upon the language and dialectal backgrounds and the vocal and auditory characteristics of the individuals concerned. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the control methods that have been used in the evaluation of these effects in a vowel study program at Bell Telephone Laboratories. The plan of the study, calibration of recording and measuring equipment, and methods for checking the performance of both speakers and listeners are described. The methods are illustrated from results of tests involving some 76 speakers and 70 listeners.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1121/1.1906875

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Sorted by citations

Items 701–800 of 1,001

Laryngeal evidence for the first and second passaggio in professionally trained sopranos
Echternach, M., Burk, F., Köberlein, M. C., Selamtzis, A., Döllinger, M., Burdumy, M., Richter, B., & Herbst, C. T. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175865 · Cited by 40
Integrative Insights into the Myoelastic-Aerodynamic Theory and Acoustics of Phonation. Scientific Tribute to Donald G. Miller
Švec, J. G., Schutte, H. K., Chen, C. J., et al. (2021) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.01.023 · Cited by 40
Desirable and undesirable difficulties: Influences of variability, training schedule, and aptitude on nonnative phonetic learning
Fuhrmeister, P., & Myers, E. B. (2020) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-019-01925-y · Cited by 39
Acoustic correlates of speaker sex identification: Implications for the transsexual voice
Coleman, R. O. (1983) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224498309551189 · Cited by 40
The Interplay between Glottis and Vocal Tract during the Male Passaggio
Neumann, K., Schunda, P., Hoth, S., et al. (2005) · Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica · doi:10.1159/000087084 · Cited by 40
“Both are open back vowels with a deep or medium position of the back portion of the tongue, and their F 1 and F 2 ranges cover neighbouring or overlapping frequency regions [”
Background
The mutual roles of temporal glimpsing and vocal characteristics in cocktail-party listening
Vestergaard, M. D., Fyson, N. R. C., & Patterson, R. D. (2011) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.3596462 · Cited by 37
Formant Characteristics of Human Laughter
Szameitat, D. P., Darwin, C. J., Szameitat, A. J., Wildgruber, D., & Alter, K. (2010) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.06.010 · Cited by 40
Vowel Intelligibility in Classical Singing
Gregg, J. W., & Scherer, R. C. (2005) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2005.01.007 · Cited by 40
Individual differences in socio‐cognitive processing and sound change
Yu, A. C. L. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199573745.003.0010 · Cited by 42
A Sociophonetic Ethnography of Selwyn Girls' High
Drager, K. (2009) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/4745 · Cited by 46
Toward an individual-difference perspective on phonologization
Yu, A. C. L. (2021) · Glossa a journal of general linguistics · doi:10.5334/gjgl.661 · Cited by 39
Neural Mechanisms Supporting Robust Discrimination of Spectrally and Temporally Degraded Speech
Ranasinghe, K. G., Vrana, W. A., Matney, C. J., et al. (2012) · Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology · doi:10.1007/s10162-012-0328-1 · Cited by 39
Dispersion and variability in Catalan five and six peripheral vowel systems
Recasens, D., & Espinosa, A. (2008) · Speech Communication · doi:10.1016/j.specom.2008.09.002 · Cited by 39
“This F1 difference parallels that between /i/ and /u/ (see, e.g., Peterson and Barney, 1952 for American English), and may be attributed to the presence of a more retracted pharyngeal constriction and a lower tongue front position for mid back rounded vowels than for mid front ones.”
BackgroundMethod
A Joint Learning Model of Word Segmentation, Lexical Acquisition, and Phonetic Variability
Elsner, M., Goldwater, S. J., Feldman, N. H., et al. (2013) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/d13-1005 · Cited by 39
Linguistic category structure influences early auditory processing: Converging evidence from mismatch responses and cortical oscillations
Scharinger, M., Monahan, P. J., & Idsardi, W. J. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.003 · Cited by 39
“By contrast, Peterson and Barney (1952) showed that [ɛ] had one of the lowest accuracy rates of any category.”
Background
The Human Voice in Speech and Singing
Lindblom, B. E. F., & Sundberg, J. (2007) · Springer handbooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30425-0_16 · Cited by 39
Effects of Complementary Auditory Feedback in Robot-Assisted Lower Extremity Motor Adaptation
Zanotto, D., Rosati, G., Spagnol, S., Stegall, P., & Agrawal, S. K. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2013.2242902 · Cited by 39
Revisiting vocal perception in non-human animals: a review of vowel discrimination, speaker voice recognition, and speaker normalization
Kriengwatana, B. P., Escudero, P., & ten Cate, C. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01543 · Cited by 38
“…whether budgerigars could also discriminate these vowels produced by different female speakers, so we cannot be sure that budgerigars can in fact normalize these vowels because much of the acoustic overlap between vowel categories are due to gender differences (see Peterson and Barney, 1952).”
Background
Phonological patterns in Mandarin–English bilingual children
Lin, L.-C., & Johnson, C. J. (2010) · Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics · doi:10.3109/02699200903532482 · Cited by 39
Induction of rate-dependent processing by coarse-grained aspects of speech
Gordon, P. C. (1988) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03214191 · Cited by 39
Effects of Vowel Context on the Recognition of Initial and Medial Consonants by Cochlear Implant Users
Donaldson, G. S., & Kreft, H. A. (2006) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/01.aud.0000240543.31567.54 · Cited by 39
“For a male speaker, typical F1 and F2 frequencies are 270 and 2290 Hz for /i/, 730 and 1090 Hz for /ɑ/, and 300 and 870 Hz for /u/ (Peterson & Barney, 1952).”
Background
A comparison of acoustic and articulatory methods for analyzing vowel differences across dialects: Data from American and Australian English
Ximenes, A. B., Shaw, J. A., & Carignan, C. (2017) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.4991346 · Cited by 39
“The acoustics of NAmE vowels have been extensively reported (e.g., Hillenbrand et al., 1995; Peterson and Barney, 1952), and there are both studies focusing on vowel articulation only (e.g., Johnson et al., 1993) and some that report both acoustic and articulatory data for a subset of vowels (e.g.,…”
Contrast and normalization in vowel perception
Johnson, K. A. (1990) · Journal of Phonetics · doi:10.1016/s0095-4470(19)30391-2 · Cited by 39
Time- and Frequency-Altered Speech
Beasley, D. S., & Maki, J. E. (1976) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-437150-7.50018-x · Cited by 39
Intrinsic fundamental frequency of Danish vowels
Petersen, N. R. (1978) · Journal of Phonetics · doi:10.1016/s0095-4470(19)31150-7 · Cited by 39
/r/-liaison in English: An empirical study
Mompeán, J. A., & Mompeán-Guillamón, P. (2009) · Cognitive Linguistics · doi:10.1515/cogl.2009.031 · Cited by 38
Vowel Production in Winnipeg
Hagiwara, R. (2006) · The Canadian Journal of Linguistics / La revue canadienne de linguistique · doi:10.1017/s0008413100004023 · Cited by 38
Production of Tense-Lax Contrast by Mandarin Speakers of English
Chen, Y. (2006) · Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica · doi:10.1159/000093181 · Cited by 38
“], while English contains 24 consonants and 11 vowels [ ,”
Background
Is statistical learning constrained by lower level perceptual organization?
Emberson, L. L., Liu, R., & Zevin, J. D. (2013) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2012.12.006 · Cited by 38
“…or /prI'tibeI'bi/), and it is well known that, even within the productions of a single speaker, there exists a large amount of acoustic variability across the multiple utterances of any given linguistic unit ( Liberman, Cooper, Shankweiler, & Studdert-Kennedy, 1967; Peterson & Barney , 1952).”
Identification of speaker sex from one vowel across a range of fundamental frequencies
Honorof, D. N., & Whalen, D. H. (2010) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.3488347 · Cited by 38
Effects of Noise on the Behavioral and Neural Categorization of Speech
Bidelman, G. M., Bush, L., & Boudreaux, A. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00153 · Cited by 40
Multimodal Standardization of Voice Among Four Multicultural Populations Formant Structures
Andrianopoulos, M. V., Darrow, K. N., & Chen, J. (2001) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/s0892-1997(01)00007-8 · Cited by 38
The relationship between monosyllables and pure tones: An investigation of phonetic symbolism
Tarte, R. D. (1982) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(82)90670-3 · Cited by 38
Statistical models for natural sounds
Turner, R. E. (2010) · Cited by 46
Differences in Inventory Size Affect the Location but not the Precision of Tongue Positioning in Vowel Production
Flege, J. E. (1989) · Language and Speech · doi:10.1177/002383098903200203 · Cited by 38
“…(1978) have been replotted in Figure I, where ellipses enclose (at a 95% confidence level) values for the Spanish vowels spoken by 16 male native Spanish speakers and the values for English Iii, /u/, and /0/ as spoken by the 33 male native English talkers examined by Peterson and Barney (1952).”
Background
GERIATRIC BIOSCIENCE: Speech Perception in Older Adults: The Importance of Speech‐Specific Cognitive Abilities
Sommers, M. S. (1997) · Journal of The American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb03101.x · Cited by 39
Dynamic Analog Speech Synthesizer
Rosen, G. (1958) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.1909541 · Cited by 38
Vowel representation: Some observations on temporal and spectral properties of the first formant frequency
Benedetto, M. D. (1989) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.398220 · Cited by 38
Effects of Gender on the Production of Emphasis in Jordanian Arabic: A Sociophonetic Study
Abudalbuh, M. (2011) · Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics · doi:10.17161/kwpl.1808.8096 · Cited by 37
“In their well-known paper, Peterson and Barney (1952) found that adult females had higher formant frequency values, in general, than adult males and that children had higher formant frequencies than adults.”
Background
The phonemic restoration effect reveals pre-N400 effect of supportive sentence context in speech perception
Groppe, D. M., Choi, M., Huang, T., Schilz, J., Topkins, B., Urbach, T. P., & Marta Kutas, A. (2010) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.003 · Cited by 37
“Although we are not typically consciously aware of it, the sonic instantiation of the same utterance can vary dramatically from speaker to speaker or even across multiple utterances from the same speaker (Peterson and Barney, 1952).”
Automatic recognition of gender by voice
Childers, D. G., Wu, K., Bae, K. S., et al. (2003) · IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp.1988.196657 · Cited by 37
Differential effects of speech prostheses in glossectomized patients
Leonard, R. J., & Gillis, R. E. (1990) · Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry · doi:10.1016/0022-3913(90)90301-r · Cited by 37
Perceptual normalization of vowels produced by sinusoidal voices.
Remez, R. E., Rubin, P. E., Nygaard, L. C., & Howell, W. A. (1987) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.13.1.40 · Cited by 40
Unsupervised speaker adaptation based on hierarchical spectral clustering
Furui, S. (1989) · IEEE Transactions on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/29.45538 · Cited by 37
“One is that actual performance is limited since the spectral features of different phonemes uttered by different speakers sometimes overlap [ 7 ].”
Background
Accent in North American Film and Television
Boberg, C. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316579817 · Cited by 37
Identification of frequency-shifted vowels
Assmann, P. F., & Nearey, T. M. (2008) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.2980456 · Cited by 36
Vowel and consonant confusions from spectrally manipulated stimuli designed to simulate poor cochlear implant electrode-neuron interfaces
DiNino, M., WRIGHT, R. A., Winn, M. B., et al. (2016) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.4971420 · Cited by 36
“Formants are observed as steady-state resonant frequencies (e.g., Peterson and Barney, 1952; Hillenbrand et al., 1995), and time-varying changes in formants within a vowel signal (Nearey and Assmann, 1986; Hillenbrand and Nearey, 1999; Assmann and Katz, 2005), both of which are relatively more…”
Background
The ΔF method of vocal tract length normalization for vowels
Johnson, K. A. (2020) · Laboratory Phonology Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology · doi:10.5334/labphon.196 · Cited by 39
A narrow band pattern-matching model of vowel perception
Hillenbrand, J. M., & Houde, R. A. (2003) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.1513647 · Cited by 36
Formant frequency analysis of children's spoken and sung vowels using sweeping fundamental frequency production
White, P. (1999) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/s0892-1997(99)80011-3 · Cited by 36
Gender Differences in Long-Term Average Spectra of Children's Singing Voices
Sergeant, D., & Welch, G. F. (2008) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.10.010 · Cited by 36
Beyond Novelty Detection: Incongruent Events, When General and Specific Classifiers Disagree
Weinshall, D., Zweig, A., Hynek Hermansky, B., Kombrink, S., Ohl, F. W., Bach, Gool, L. V., Nater, F., Pajdla, T., Havlena, M., et al. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2011.279 · Cited by 35
“basically conforms to the classical vowel feature space described by [33], but was shown to be physiologically realized in mammalian auditory cortex [34].”
Background
An event-related potential (ERP) study of duration changes in speech and non-speech sounds
Jaramillo, M., Alku, P., & Paavilainen, P. (1999) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199911080-00010 · Cited by 36
Pronunciation Adaption at the Lexical Level
Strik, H. (2001) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University) · Cited by 36
Examining the Role of Auditory Sensitivity in the Developmental Weighting Shift
Nittrouer, S., & Crowther, C. S. (1998) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jslhr.4104.809 · Cited by 36
INVESTIGATION OF THE PHONATORY MECHANISM
Baer, T. (1981) · Cited by 36
Production and perception of vowels in New Zealand popular music
Gibson, A. (2010) · Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology) · Cited by 36
The Canadian Shift in Toronto
Roeder, R. V., & Jarmasz, L.-G. (2010) · The Canadian Journal of Linguistics / La revue canadienne de linguistique · doi:10.1017/s0008413100001614 · Cited by 35
Experiments on Analysing Voice Production: Excised (Human, Animal) and In Vivo (Animal) Approaches
Döllinger, M., Kobler, J. B., Berry, D. A., et al. (2011) · Current Bioinformatics · doi:10.2174/157489311796904673 · Cited by 35
“This technique has its roots in modal analysis, a tool which has been exploited extensively in the field of speech science for the specification of formants (resonances or eigenfrequencies of the vocal tract) to differentiate vowels [112].”
A Formant Range Profile for Singers
Titze, I. R., Maxfield, L., & Walker, M. C. (2016) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.08.014 · Cited by 35
“3), and that F1 and F2 largely determine vowel perception.(14) Therefore, the degree to which an individual can stretch the dimensions of the vocal tract determines the range of vowel modification or adjustment available to that individual.”
Background
Formant estimation and tracking: A deep learning approach
Dissen, Y., Goldberger, J., & Keshet, J. (2019) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.5088048 · Cited by 35
Twenty-eight years of vowels: Tracking phonetic variation through young to middle age adulthood
Gahl, S., & Baayen, R. H. (2019) · Journal of Phonetics · doi:10.1016/j.wocn.2019.02.001 · Cited by 35
“1995 and Peterson and Barney 1952). As pointed out in Watson and Harrington (1999), vowels in which F1 and F2 are close together make challenging targets for automatic formant tracking.”
Background
Principal Components Representation of the Two-Dimensional Coronal Tongue Surface
SLUD, E. V., Stone, M. L., Smith, P. J., et al. (2002) · Phonetica · doi:10.1159/000066066 · Cited by 35
Intelligibility of bone-conducted ultrasonic speech
Okamoto, Y., Nakagawa, S., Fujimoto, K., et al. (2005) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2005.05.007 · Cited by 35
The vowel inherent spectral change of English vowels spoken by native and non-native speakers
Jin, S.-H., & Liu, C. (2013) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.4798620 · Cited by 35
The Perception of Speech
Pardo, J. S., & Remez, R. E. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012369374-7/50008-0 · Cited by 36
Feature characteristics of spontaneous speech production in young deaf children
Geffner, D. S. (1980) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/0021-9924(80)90044-1 · Cited by 35
LNKnet: Neural Network, Machine-Learning, and Statistical Software for Pattern Classification
Lippmann, R. P., Kukolich, L., & Singer, E. (1993) · Cited by 35
Accent detection and social cognition: evidence of protracted learning
Creel, S. C. (2017) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12524 · Cited by 34
Characterizing Vocal Tract Dimensions in the Vocal Modes Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Leppävuori, M., Lammentausta, E., Peuna, A., et al. (2020) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.01.015 · Cited by 34
Speaker Classification in Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics
Jessen, M. E. (2007) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74200-5_10 · Cited by 34
“As is well known, women on average have higher formant frequencies than men [ 33 , 34], due to the fact that the vocal tracts of women are on average shorter than those of men [35].”
Background
Spectral Amplitude Measures of Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonic Speech
Cannito, M. P., Buder, E. H., & Chorna, L. B. (2004) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2004.07.001 · Cited by 34
Covariation of Cochlear Implant Users' Perception and Production of Vowel Contrasts and Their Identification by Listeners With Normal Hearing
Vick, J. C., Lane, H. L., Perkell, J. S., et al. (2001) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2001/098 · Cited by 34
Absorption of reliable spectral characteristics in auditory perception
Kiefte, M., & Kluender, K. R. (2008) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.2804951 · Cited by 34
Effects of Age on Concurrent Vowel Perception in Acoustic and Simulated Electroacoustic Hearing
Arehart, K., Souza, P., Muralimanohar, R., & Miller, C. W. (2010) · Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2010/09-0145 · Cited by 37
Identification of children's and adults' vowels: intrinsic fundamental frequency, fundamental frequency dynamics, and presence of voicing
Katz, W. F., & Assmann, P. F. (2001) · Journal of Phonetics · doi:10.1006/jpho.2000.0135 · Cited by 34
The perceptual segregation of simultaneous vowels with harmonic, shifted, or random components
Chalikia, M. H., & Bregman, A. S. (1993) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03211722 · Cited by 34
Preschoolers’ Use of Talker Information in On-Line Comprehension
Creel, S. C. (2012) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01816.x · Cited by 35
Evidence of Talker-Independent Information for Vowels
Verbrugge, R. R., & Rakerd, B. (1986) · Language and Speech · doi:10.1177/002383098602900105 · Cited by 34
“Figure 2 shows that distribution, for a space in which the axes have been scaled to agree with those chosen by Peterson and Barney (1952).”
BackgroundMethod
Effects of Long-Term Tracheostomy on Spectral Characteristics of Vowel Production
Kamen, R. S., & Watson, B. C. (1991) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jshr.3405.1057 · Cited by 34
The relation between identification and discrimination of vowels in young and elderly listeners
Coughlin, M. P., Kewley-Port, D., & Humes, L. E. (1998) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.423942 · Cited by 34
Psychophysical and speech perception studies on two multiple channel cochlear implant patients
Tong, Y. C., Millar, J. B., Clark, G. M., et al. (1980) · The Journal of Laryngology & Otology · doi:10.1017/s002221510009006x · Cited by 34
Motor aphasia: Acoustic correlates of phonetic disintegration in vowels
Ryalls, J. (1981) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(81)90066-x · Cited by 34
Integrating Connectionist Learning and Dynamical Systems Processing: Case Studies in Speech and Lexical Development
McMurray, B., Horst, J. S., Toscano, J. C., & Samuelson, L. K. (2009) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300598.003.0011 · Cited by 33
Perception of Multisensory Gender Coherence in 6‐ and 9‐Month‐Old Infants
de Boisferon, A. H., Dupierrix, E., Quinn, P. C., Lœvenbruck, H., Lewkowicz, D. J., Lee, K., & Pascalis, O. (2015) · Infancy · doi:10.1111/infa.12088 · Cited by 32
“Several previous studies have reported that infants can perceive the multisensory coherence of gender (see Ramsey et al., 2005, pp. 219–220; for a review). For example, Walker-Andrews, Bahrick, Raglioni, and Diaz (1991) found that 6-month-old infants matched faces and voices based on gender, although this was only the…”
Acoustic Properties of Dominance and Request Utterances in Social Anxiety
Galili, L., Amir, O., & Gilboa‐Schechtman, E. (2013) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2013.32.6.651 · Cited by 36
Representation of speech variability
Bent, T., & Holt, R. F. (2017) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1434 · Cited by 37
An age-dependent vocal tract model for males and females based on anatomic measurements
Story, B. H., Vorperian, H. K., Bunton, K., et al. (2018) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.5038264 · Cited by 33
Intelligibility comparisons for two synthetic and one natural speech source
Clark, J. E. H. (1983) · Journal of Phonetics · doi:10.1016/s0095-4470(19)30775-2 · Cited by 33
Bite Block Vowel Production in Apraxia of Speech
Jacks, A. (2008) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2008/066 · Cited by 33
The information-divergence hypothesis of informational masking
Lutfi, R. A., Gilbertson, L. R., Heo, I., Chang, A.-C., & Stamas, J. (2013) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.4817875 · Cited by 34
“These values were selected to be roughly representative of the means and standard deviation of F0s for adult males, adult females, and children (Fitch and Holbrook, 1970; Peterson and Barney, 1952; Keating and Buhr, 1978).”
Background
Talker-specific influences on phonetic category structure
Theodore, R. M., Myers, E. B., & Lomibao, J. (2015) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.4927489 · Cited by 33
Evaluating models of vowel perception
Molis, M. R. (2005) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.1943907 · Cited by 33
American English: Southern Michigan
Hillenbrand, J. M. (2003) · Journal of the International Phonetic Association · doi:10.1017/s0025100303001221 · Cited by 33
“To provide a frame of reference, average formant values are also shown from the familiar and widely cited study of vowels from a mixed but largely mid-Atlantic speaker group by Peterson & Barney (1952).”
Method
Parameters for vowel substitutions in Broca's aphasia
Keller, E. (1978) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/0093-934x(78)90026-3 · Cited by 33
Representation of whispered vowels in discharge patterns of auditory-nerve fibers
Voigt, H. F., Sachs, M. B., & Young, E. D. (1982) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/0378-5955(82)90033-8 · Cited by 33
Acoustical analysis of the underlying voice differences between two groups of professional singers: opera and country and western
Burns, P. (1986) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1288/00005537-198605000-00015 · Cited by 33
The Michigan Upper Peninsula English Vowel System in Finnish American Communities in Marquette County
Rankinen, W. A. (2014) · American Speech · doi:10.1215/00031283-2848989 · Cited by 32
When in doubt, read the instructions: Orthographic effects in loanword adaptation
Daland, R., Oh, M., & Kim, S. (2015) · Lingua · doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2015.03.002 · Cited by 32
Can mergers-in-progress be unmerged in speech accommodation?
Babel, M., McAuliffe, M., & Haber, G. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00653 · Cited by 32

Authors: Peterson, G. E., & Barney, H. L.
Affiliations: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., Murray Hill, New Jersey
Venue: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
Published: 1952-03-01
Volume: 24
Issue: 2
Pages: 175-184
ISSN: 0001-4966 (ISSN-L)
1520-8524
DOI: 10.1121/1.1906875
OpenAlex: W2056133372
Cited by: 2,837
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 41 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 92 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 90 · 2016: 90 · 2015: 97 · 2014: 94 · 2013: 136 · 2012: 118
FWCI: 5.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: other-oa
Locations: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (publishedVersion)
MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Speech and Audio Processing
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Voice and Speech Disorders
Keywords: vowel recognition, listener identification, equipment calibration, auditory characteristics, speech perception

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Control Methods Used in a Study of the Vowels

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks