Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses to Multiple Preexercise Carbohydrate Feedings
Abstract
This investigation was undertaken to determine whether consuming several small feedings of preexercise carbohydrate (CHO), rather than a single bolus, would affect blood glucose and insulin responses during rest and exercise. Eight trained cyclists ingested 22.5,45, or 75 total g maltodextrin and dextrose dissolved in 473 ml of water or an equal volume of placebo (PL). Drinks were divided into four portions and consumed at 15-min intervals in the hour before a 120-min ride at 66% . Serum glucose values were elevated by the CHO feedings at rest and fell significantly below baseline and PL at 15 min of exercise. However, glucose concentrations were similar in each of the CHO trials. Insulin concentrations also increased rapidly during rest, then fell sharply at the onset of exercise. The findings demonstrate that CHO consumed within an hour before exercise, even when taken in several small feedings, can produce transient hypoglycemia near the onset of exercise. Additionally, the magnitude of the response appears to be unrelated to either the amount of CHO ingested or the insulin response.
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The time-course of effects of action of caffeinated gums means that they could plausibly be consumed during half-time or during the match itself.
“Furthermore, the time-course of effects of action of caffeinated gums mean that they could plausibly be consumed during half-time or during the match itself.”
From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [73]
Providing the same dose of caffeinated gum 60 and 120 minutes prior to the start of exercise negated the ergogenic effects observed.
“Interestingly, providing the same dose of caffeinated gum 60 and 120 minutes prior to the start of exercise negated the ergogenic effects observed.”
From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [73]
The efficacy of drug administration has been proposed to be related to its speed of absorption.
“However, the efficacy of drug administration has been proposed to be related to its speed of absorption 73”
From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [73]
Early evidence suggests that caffeinated gum may benefit the performance of intermittent team sports players.
“Despite very few studies having investigated the effects of this novel method of caffeine delivery, early evidence suggests that caffeinated gum may benefit the performance of intermittent team sports players.”
From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [73]
The presence of caffeine and carbohydrate in the mouth has been found to facilitate motor output and improve subsequent exercise.
“Due to the mechanisms of action, the presence of caffeine and carbohydrate in the mouth has been found to facilitate motor output and improve subsequent exercise 67, 73 .”
From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [73]
If the duration between ingestion and subsequent exercise is prolonged, the ergogenic effects of caffeine and carbohydrate can be lost.
“However, based upon literature examining the efficacy of caffeine, if the duration between ingestion and subsequent exercise is prolonged, the ergogenic effects of these substances can be lost 73 .”
From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [73]
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- Authors
- Short, K. R., Sheffield-Moore, M., & Costill, D. L.
- Affiliations
- Ball State University (US)
- ORCID
- Short, Kevin R.
- Venue
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 1997-06
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 128-137
- ISSN
- 1050-1606 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2192218219
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- blood glucose, insulin response, hypoglycemia, physical activity, maltodextrin, D-glucose, trained cyclists
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Beverages, Blood Glucose, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Insulin, Male, Oxidation-Reduction, Time Factors, Exercise
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