Ingestion of tyrosine: effects on endurance, muscle strength, and anaerobic performance
Abstract
Acute tyrosine ingestion is thought to improve aerobic endurance, muscle strength and endurance, and anaerobic power of men undergoing severe physiologic stress. In a double-blind, crossover study, 20 men (32 +/- 1 y old) underwent 2 loadcarriage treadmill sessions, 1 after taking tyrosine (150 mg/ kg L-crystalline tyrosine) and 1 after taking placebo. Tyrosine dosage was based on subject weight and ingested 30 min before load carriage. A physical performance battery was administered after the load carriage: maximal and submaximal handgrip, pull-ups, and stair stepping with weight. Total time on treadmill was not significantly lengthened with ingestion of tyrosine (118.9 +/- 1.4 min) as compared with placebo (119.2 +/- 1.2 min). Total power for stair stepping (tyrosine 223 +/- 8 watts, placebo 216 +/- 9 watts) and muscle strength and endurance (handgrip) was not significantly improved by tyrosine ingestion. The results indicate that acute ingestion of tyrosine by healthy men has no measurable effect on endurance, muscle strength, or anaerobic power.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
All seven studies that measured plasma tyrosine levels found significantly elevated levels after tyrosine intake compared to placebo.
“All seven studies in which plasma tyrosine levels were measured (Strüder et al., 1998;Sutton et al., 2005;Shurtleff et al., 1994;Chinevere et al., 2002;Tumilty et al., 2011Tumilty et al., , 2014;;Watson et al., 2012) found these levels to be significantly elevated after tyrosine intake compared to placebo.”
From Behavioral and cognitive effects of tyrosine intake in healthy human adults (2015) · cites this paper as Sutton et al., 2005
Cites
Generalized equations for predicting body density of men
Jackson, A. S., & Pollock, M. L. (1978) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19780152 · Cited by 3,205 · see citing works
The Concepts of Stress and Stress System Disorders: Overview of Physical and Behavioral Homeostasis
Chrousos, G. P. (1992) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03480090092034 · Cited by 2,689 · see citing works
Precursor control of neurotransmitter synthesis.
Wurtman, R. J., Hefti, F. F., & Melamed, E. (1980) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(25)06841-3 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Eisenhofer, G., Goldstein, D. S., Stull, R., Keiser, H. R., Sunderland, T., Murphy, D. L., & Kopin, I. J. (1986) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/32.11.2030 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Reliability and validity of a visual analog scale for acute abdominal pain in the ED
Gallagher, E. J., Bijur, P. E., Latimer, C. T., & Silver, W. G. (2002) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1053/ajem.2002.33778 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Cerebral perturbations provoked by prolonged exercise
Nybo, L., & Secher, N. H. (2004) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.03.005 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
The Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale (SEES): Development and Preliminary Validation
MeAuley, E., & Courneya, K. S. (1994) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.16.2.163 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Striatal dopamine turnover during treadmill running in the rat: Relation to the speed of running
Hattori, S., Naoi, M., & Nishino, H. (1994) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(94)90214-3 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Treatment with tyrosine, a neurotransmitter precursor, reduces environmental stress in humans
Banderet, L. E., & Lieberman, H. R. (1989) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(89)90096-8 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Effect of a tyrosine-free amino acid mixture on regional brain catecholamine synthesis and release
McTavish, S. F. B., Cowen, P. J., & Sharp, T. (1999) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130050823 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Strüder, H., Hollmann, W., Platen, P., Donike, M., Gotzmann, A., & Weber, K. (1998) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2007-978864 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Tyrosine reverses a cold-induced working memory deficit in humans
Shurtleff, D., Thomas, J. R., Schrot, J., Kowalski, K., & Harford, R. (1994) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(94)90299-2 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Effect of tyrosine on cognitive function and blood pressure under stress.
Deijen, J., & Orlebeke, J. F. (1994) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(94)90200-3 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Deijen, J., Wientjes, C. J., Vullinghs, H. F. M., Cloin, P. A., & Langefeld, J. J. (1999) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(98)00163-4 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Catecholamine synthesis: Physiological coupling to precursor supply
Milner, J. D., & Wurtman, R. J. (1986) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(86)90071-7 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Petrides, J. S., Mueller, G. P., Kalogeras, K. T., Chrousos, G. P., Gold, P. W., & Deuster, P. A. (1994) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.79.2.8045951 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Marked differences in functioning of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis between groups of men
Petrides, J. S., Gold, P. W., Mueller, G. P., Singh, A. P., Stratakis, C. A., Chrousos, G. P., & Deuster, P. A. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.82.6.1979 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Tyrosine improves working memory in a multitasking environment
Thomas, J. R., Lockwood, P. A., Singh, A., & Deuster, P. A. (1999) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(99)00094-5 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Mesoprefrontal dopaminergic neurons: Can tyrosine availability influence their functions?
Tarn, S.-Y., & Roth, R. H. (1997) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(96)00774-5 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The effects of tyrosine on cognitive performance during extended wakefulness.
Neri, D. F., Wiegmann, D. A., Stanny, R. R., Shappell, S. A., McCardie, A. H., & McKay, D. L. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Effects of l -tyrosine and carbohydrate ingestion on endurance exercise performance
Chinevere, T. D., Sawyer, R. D., Creer, A., Conlee, R. K., & Parcell, A. C. (2002) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00625.2001 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Avraham, Y., Bonne, O. B., & Berry, E. M. (1996) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(96)00514-8 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Tyrosine improves appetite, cognition, and exercise tolerance in activity anorexia
Avraham, Y., Hao, S., Mendelson, S., & Berry, E. M. (2001) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200112000-00020 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Variability of responses across training levels to maximal treadmill exercise
Kyle, S. B., Smoak, B. L., Douglass, L. W., & Deuster, P. A. (1989) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1989.67.1.160 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Owasoyo, J. O., Neri, D. F., & Lamberth, J. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 46 · see citing works
l-Tyrosine ameliorates some effects of lower body negative pressure stress
Dollins, A. B., Krock, L. P., Storm, W. F., Wurtman, R. J., & Lieberman, H. R. (1995) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)00278-d · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Levenson, C. W., & Moore, J. B. (1998) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00064-0 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Hyde, D. E., Thomas, J. R., Schrot, J., & Taylor, W. F. (1997) · doi:10.21236/ada381211 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Effects of foods and nutrients on brain neurotransmitters.
Rj, W. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 30 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Clark, A., & Mach, N. (2016) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-016-0155-6 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
“However, unlike tryptophan hydroxylase, the brain levels of tyrosine hydroxylase are saturated with substrate under normal conditions, and therefore, any attempt to increase the tyrosine concentrations cannot produce significant increases in dopamine [99].”
BackgroundNeuroplasticity of Dopamine Circuits After Exercise: Implications for Central Fatigue
Foley, T. E., & Fleshner, M. (2008) · NeuroMolecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12017-008-8032-3 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Jongkees, B. J., Hommel, B., Kühn, S., & Colzato, L. S. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.08.014 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Dietary Supplements and Sports Performance: Amino Acids
Williams, M. H. (2005) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/1550-2783-2-2-63 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Behavioral and cognitive effects of tyrosine intake in healthy human adults
Hase, A., Jung, S. E., & aan het Rot, M. (2015) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2015.03.008 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Metabolic Demands of Body Armor on Physical Performance in Simulated Conditions
Ricciardi, R., Deuster, P. A., & Talbot, L. A. (2008) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed.173.9.817 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Optimal Composition of Fluid‐Replacement Beverages
Baker, L. B., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2014) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c130014 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
The brain and fatigue: New opportunities for nutritional interventions?
MEEUSEN, R. R., Watson, P., & Dvořák, J. (2006) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410500483022 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Amino Acids and the Brain: Do They Play a Role in “Central Fatigue”?
MEEUSEN, R. R., & Watson, P. (2007) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.17.s1.s37 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Cameron, M., Camic, C. L., Doberstein, S. T., Erickson, J. L., & Jagim, A. R. (2018) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0206-7 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Effects of Amino Acid Derivativeson Physical, Mental, and Physiological Activities
Luckose, F., Pandey, M. C., & Radhakrishna, K. (2013) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2012.708368 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Supplements and the Endocrine System in Athletes
Di Luigi, L. (2008) · Clinics in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.csm.2007.09.003 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Coull, N. A., Watkins, S. L., Aldous, J. W. F., Warren, L. K., Chrismas, B. C. R., Dascombe, B. J., Mauger, A. R., Abt, G., & Taylor, L. K. (2014) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-014-3022-7 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Attipoe, S., Zeno, S. A., Lee, C., Crawford, C. C., Khorsan, R., Walter, A. R., & Deuster, P. A. (2015) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-14-00594 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Failure of oral tyrosine supplementation to improve exercise performance in the heat
TUMILTY, L., DAVISON, G., BECKMANN, M., & THATCHER, R. (2014) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000243 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Tyrosine Ingestion and Its Effects on Cognitive and Physical Performance in the Heat
Coull, N. A., Chrismas, B. C. R., Watson, P., Horsfall, R., & Taylor, L. K. (2015) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000757 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Peel, J., McNarry, M. A., Heffernan, S. M., Nevola, V. R., Kilduff, L. P., & Waldron, M. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01500-2 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Wilborn, C., Taylor, L. W., Poole, C., Bushey, B., Williams, L. B. A., Foster, C. A., & Campbell, B. I. (2009) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h09-113 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Ikonen, J. N., Joro, R., Uusitalo, A. L. T., Kyröläinen, H., Kovanen, V., Atalay, M., & Tanskanen-Tervo, M. M. (2020) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1535370220923130 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Fernández‐Lázaro, D., Mielgo‐Ayuso, J., Soto, M. D. V., Adams, D. P., Gutiérrez‐Abejón, E., & Seco‐Calvo, J. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13113746 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Optimal Composition of Fluid‐Replacement Beverages
Baker, L. B., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2014) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.2014.tb00555.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Bazzano, M., Laghi, L., Zhu, C., Lotito, E., Sgariglia, S., Tesei, B., & Laus, F. (2020) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo10070298 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Purohit, D. C., Mandyam, A. D., Terranova, M. J., & Mandyam, C. D. (2019) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112235 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Maughan, R. (2006) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203967430 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Koozehchian, M., Earnest, C. P., Jung, Y. P., Collins, P. B., O’Connor, A., Dalton, R., Shin, S. Y., Sowinski, R. J., Rasmussen, C. J., Murano, P. S., et al. (2017) · Journal of Caffeine Research · doi:10.1089/jcr.2017.0001 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Nutrition, the brain and prolonged exercise
Watson, P. (2008) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461390801919086 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mendes, F. M. M., Sanches, P. H. G., Silva, A., dos Reis, I. G. M., Carvalho, P. D. O., Porcari, A. M., & Messias, L. H. D. (2022) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology11121734 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kayacan, Y., Kisa, E. C., Ghojebeigloo, B. E., Kocacan, S. E., Ayyıldız, M., & Ağar, E. (2019) · Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis · doi:10.21307/ane-2019-013 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kaczka, P., Batra, A., Kubicka, K., Maciejczyk, M., Rzeszutko-Bełzowska, A., Pezdan-Śliż, I., Michałowska‐Sawczyn, M., Przydział, M., Płonka, A., Cięszczyk, P., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17218262 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Currell, K., Moore, D. R., Peeling, P., Burke, L. M., Stear, S. J., & Castell, L. M. (2011) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2010.090748 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
No Influence of Low-, Medium-, or High-Dose Tyrosine on Exercise in a Warm Environment
Tumilty, L., GREGORY, N., Beckmann, M., & Thatcher, R. (2019) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002245 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Previous studies in humans typically administering 150 mg·kg body mass tyrosine have 342 generally failed to show an effect of tyrosine on exercise in temperate (11, 12) or high ambient 343 temperatures (14, 15) with only one exception (13).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLoad Carriage and Physical Exertion Influence Soldier Emotional Responses
Giles, G. E., da Costa, K. G., Olenich, S., Powell, K., Hart-Pomerantz, H., ADELMAN, M. J., Elmore, W. R., & Cantelon, J. A. (2022) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002997 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lee, G., Adhikari, S., Lee, S., Lee, J. Y., Na, Y., Lee, W., & Bang, E. (2024) · Chirality · doi:10.1002/chir.23656 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Júnior, L. J. F. S., Boullosa, D. A., Martinez‐Gonzalez, B., Machado, D. G. D. S., de Lima-Júnior, D. R. A. A., & Fortes, L. D. S. (2023) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2024.2309434 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Metabolomics: Current Applications in Equine Health Assessment
Laus, F., Bazzano, M., Spaterna, A., Laghi, L., & Marchegiani, A. (2024) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo14050269 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Do Preparation Techniques Transform the Metabolite Profile of Platelet-Rich Plasma?
Fidan, B. B., Koç, E., Çiftçi, E., Kaplan, O., Çelebi̇er, M., & Korkusuz, F. (2025) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering12070774 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kaczka, P., Batra, A., Kubicka, K., Maciejczyk, M., Rzeszutko-Bełzowska, A., Pezdan-Śliż, I., Michałowska‐Sawczyn, M., Przydział, M., Płonka, A., Cięszczyk, P., et al. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-43662/v1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Drwal, A., Pałka, T., Tota, Ł. M., Wiecha, S., Čech, P., Strzała, M., & Maciejczyk, M. (2024) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-024-00918-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
An Overview of Sports Supplements
Lockwood, C. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-302-8_22 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Spruce, N., & Titchenal, A. (2007) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420008500.ch15 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Review of the Safety of Dietary Supplements Used to Enhance Athletic Performance
Banerjee, S., Reyed, R. M., Sharma, U., & Srivastava, S. (2024) · Advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and care (AMDTC) book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-6317-1.ch001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gwacham, N. I. (2021) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · doi:10.26076/44f6-affe
Stout, J. R., Smith, A., Lockwood, C. M., & Tobkin, S. E. (2009) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420068160.ch9
Schroer, A. B. (2013) · JMU Scholoraly Commons (James Madison University)
Li, J., & Xie, F. (2017) · Biomedical Research-tokyo
Kaczka, P., Batra, A., Kubicka, K., Maciejczyk, M., Rzeszutko-Bełzowska, A., Pezdan-Śliż, I., Michałowska‐Sawczyn, M., Przydział, M., Płonka, A., Cięszczyk, P., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-51708/v2
Kaczka, P., Batra, A., Kubicka, K., Maciejczyk, M., Rzeszutko-Bełzowska, A., Pezdan-Śliż, I., Michałowska‐Sawczyn, M., Przydział, M., Płonka, A., Cięszczyk, P., et al. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-51708/v1
Colzato, L. S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57505-6_1
Retracted
- Authors
- Sutton, E. E., Coll, M. R., & Deuster, P. A.
- Affiliations
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (US)
- ORCID
- Deuster, Patricia A.
- Venue
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2005-04
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 173-185
- ISSN
- 1526-484X (ISSN-L)
- 1543-2742
- OpenAlex
- W2151780364
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Office of Naval Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Keywords
- tyrosine supplementation, acute ingestion, endurance, muscle strength, anaerobic power, load carriage, treadmill running, grip strength, stair stepping, pull-ups, exercise performance, amino acid supplementation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Double-Blind Method, Exercise Test, Humans, Male, Physical Endurance, Tyrosine, Weight Lifting, Anaerobic Threshold, Muscle, Skeletal, Cross-Over Studies, Hand Strength
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
