The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effect of Various Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Fluids on Cycling Performance and Maximal Voluntary Contraction
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a carbohydrate-electrolyte plus caffeine, carnitine, taurine, and B vitamins solution (CE+) and a carbohydrate-electrolyte-only solution (CE) vs. a placebo solution (PLA) on cycling performance and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). In a randomized, double-blind, crossover, repeated-measures design, 14 male cyclists (M ± SD age 27 ± 6 yr, VO 2max 60.4 ± 6.8 ml · kg−1 · min−1) cycled for 120 min submaximally (alternating 61% ± 5% and 75% ± 5% VO 2max) and then completed a 15-min performance trial (PT). Participants ingested CE+, CE, or PLA before (6 ml/kg) and every 15 min during exercise (3 ml/kg). MVC was measured as a single-leg isometric extension (70° knee flexion) before (pre) and after (post) exercise. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was measured throughout. Total work accumulated (KJ) during PT was greater (p < .05) in CE+ (233 ± 34) than PLA (205 ± 52) but not in CE (225 ± 39) vs. PLA. MVC (N) declined (p < .001) from pre to post in PLA (988 ± 213 to 851 ± 191) and CE (970 ± 172 to 870 ± 163) but not in CE+ (953 ± 171 to 904 ± 208). At Minutes 60, 90, 105, and 120 RPE was lower in CE+ (14 ± 2, 14 ± 2, 12 ± 1, 15 ± 2) than in PLA (14 ± 2, 15 ± 2, 14 ± 2, 16 ± 2; p < .001). CE+ resulted in greater total work than PLA. CE+, but not PLA or CE, attenuated pre-to-post MVC declines. Performance increases during CE+ may have been influenced by lower RPE and greater preservation of leg strength during exercise in part as a result of the hypothesized effects of CE+ on the central nervous system and skeletal muscle.
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In the citing paper
“Caffeine may increase short-term urine production at rest but does not induce diuresis during exercise.”
From National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Fluid Replacement for the Physically Active (2017) · cites this paper as [116]
In the citing paper
“Competitive athletes can benefit from carbohydrate-electrolyte beverages before activity. 82,116,222,224”
From National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Fluid Replacement for the Physically Active (2017) · cites this paper as [116]
In the citing paper
“Athletes participating in exercise sessions lasting longer than 1 hour or including intense intervals may benefit from adding carbohydrates or electrolytes (or both) to rehydration fluids, especially in extreme environments. 34,80,116,221 224”
From National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Fluid Replacement for the Physically Active (2017) · cites this paper as [116]
In the citing paper
“Endurance athletes may be aided by fluids containing carbohydrates and electrolytes during extended training bouts and competitions. 82,100,116,221,224 226”
From National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Fluid Replacement for the Physically Active (2017) · cites this paper as [116]
In the citing paper
“Caffeine does not compromise rehydration or increase urine output when consumed in small quantities (up to 3 mg/kg) during or after exercise. 116,118,119,121”
From National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Fluid Replacement for the Physically Active (2017) · cites this paper as [116]
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Citations
Cites
Caffeine and Exercise: Metabolism, Endurance and Performance
Graham, T. E. (2001) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200131110-00002 · Cited by 819
Fluid and fuel intake during exercise
Coyle, E. F. (2004) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/0264041031000140545 · Cited by 423
Effect of different protocols of caffeine intake on metabolism and endurance performance
Cox, G. R., Desbrow, B., Montgomery, P. G., Anderson, M. E., Bruce, C. R., Macrides, T. A., Martin, D. T., Moquin, A., Roberts, A., Hawley, J. A., et al. (2002) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00249.2002 · Cited by 309
Effects of Caffeine Ingestion on Exercise Testing: A Meta-Analysis
Doherty, M., & Smith, P. M. (2004) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.14.6.626 · Cited by 263
Paluska, S. A. (2003) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/00149619-200308000-00008 · Cited by 105 · cited 1×
“in the CNS (Graham, 2001; Keisler & Armsey, 2006; Paluska, 2003).”
Physiological responses to caffeine during endurance running in habitual caffeine users
TARNOPOLSKY, M. A., ATKINSON, S. A., MACDOUGALL, J. D., SALE, D. G., & SUTTON, J. R. (1989) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-198908000-00013 · Cited by 99
Keisler, B. D., & Armsey, T. D. (2006) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1097/01.csmr.0000306510.57644.a7 · Cited by 81
Influence of Caffeine on Exercise Performance in Habitual Caffeine Users
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Colombani, P., Wenk, C., Kunz, I., Kr�henb�hl, S., Kuhnt, M., Arnold, M., Frey-Rindova, P., Frey, W., & Langhans, W. (1996) · European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00334420 · Cited by 72
Cited by
McDermott, B. P., Anderson, S. A., Armstrong, L. E., Casa, D. J., Cheuvront, S. N., Cooper, L., Kenney, W. L., O'Connor, F. G., & Roberts, W. O. (2017) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-52.9.02 · Cited by 438
Self-citationSouza, D. B., Del Coso, J., Casonatto, J., & Polito, M. D. (2017) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1331-9 · Cited by 169
Pöchmüller, M., Schwingshackl, L., Colombani, P. C., & Hoffmann, G. (2016) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-016-0139-6 · Cited by 56
Colombani, P. C., Mannhart, C., & Mettler, S. (2013) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-12-16 · Cited by 30
Astley, C., Souza, D., & Polito, M. (2018) · International Journal of Exercise Science · doi:10.70252/kqvq5193 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Ganio, M. S., Klau, J. F., Lee, E. C., Yeargin, S. W., McDermott, B. P., Buyckx, M., Maresh, C. M., & Armstrong, L. E.
- Venue
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 104-114
- ISSN
- 1526-484X
- 1543-2742
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 11
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- Ganio, M. S., Klau, J. F., Lee, E. C., Yeargin, S. W., McDermott, B. P., Buyckx, M., Maresh, C. M., & Armstrong, L. E. (2010). Effect of Various Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Fluids on Cycling Performance and Maximal Voluntary Contraction. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.20.2.104
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
