The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Errors in MET Estimates of Physical Activities Using 3.5 ml·kg−1·min−1 as the Baseline Oxygen Consumption
Abstract
Purpose: To compare intensity misclassification and activity MET values using measured RMR (measMET) compared with 3.5 ml·kg−1·min−1 (standMET) and corrected METs [corrMET = mean standMET × (3.5 ÷ Harris-Benedict RMR)] in subgroups. Methods: RMR was measured for 252 subjects following a 4-hr fast and before completion of 11 activities. VO 2 was measured during activity using indirect calorimetry (n = 2555 activities). Subjects were classified by BMI category (normal-weight or overweight/obese), sex, age (decade 20, 30, 40, or 50 y), and fitness quintiles (low to high). Activities were classified into low, moderate, and vigorous intensity categories. Results: The (mean ± SD) measMET was 6.1 ± 2.64 METs. StandMET [mean (95% CI)] was (0.51(0.42, 0.59) METs) less than measMET. CorrMET was not statistically different from measMET (−0.02 (−0.11, 0.06) METs). 12.2% of the activities were misclassified using standMETs compared with an 8.6% misclassification rate for METs based on predicted RMR (P < .0001). StandMET differences and misclassification rates were highest for low fit, overweight, and older individuals while there were no differences when corrMETs were used. Conclusion: Using 3.5 ml·kg−1·min−1 to calculate activity METs causes higher misclassification of activities and inaccurate point estimates of METs than a corrected baseline which considers individual height, weight, and age. These errors disproportionally impact subgroups of the population with the lowest activity levels.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Kozey et al.43 have proposed a corrected MET to adjust for individual differences in RMR using the Harris-Benedict RMR equation.38”
From 2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities: A third update of the energy costs of human activities (2024) · cites this paper as [43]
Citations
Cites
Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities
AINSWORTH, B. E., HASKELL, W. L., WHITT, M. C., IRWIN, M. L., SWARTZ, A. M., STRATH, S. J., O???BRIEN, W. L., BASSETT, D. R., SCHMITZ, K. H., EMPLAINCOURT, P. O., et al. (2000) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200009001-00009 · Cited by 8,497
Physical Activity in the United States Measured by Accelerometer
TROIANO, R. P., BERRIGAN, D., DODD, K. W., MÂSSE, L. C., TILERT, T., & MCDOWELL, M. (2008) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31815a51b3 · Cited by 7,638
Compendium of Physical Activities: Classification of energy costs of human physical activities
AINSWORTH, B. E., HASKELL, W. L., LEON, A. S., JACOBS, D. R., MONTOYE, H. J., SALLIS, J. F., & PAFFENBARGER, R. S. (1993) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199301000-00011 · Cited by 4,102
Amount of Time Spent in Sedentary Behaviors in the United States, 2003-2004
Matthews, C. E., Chen, K. Y., Freedson, P. S., Buchowski, M. S., Beech, B. M., Pate, R. R., & Troiano, R. P. (2008) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwm390 · Cited by 2,631
Self-citationA biometric study of human basal metabolism
Harris, J. A., & Benedict, F. G. (1918) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.4.12.370 · Cited by 1,980
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY IN THE FIVE-CITY PROJECT1
SALLIS, J. F., HASKELL, W. L., WOOD, P. D., FORTMANN, S. P., ROGERS, T., BLAIR, S. N., & PAFFENBARGER, R. S. (1985) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113987 · Cited by 1,716
Jetté, M., Sidney, K., & Blümchen, G. (1990) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.4960130809 · Cited by 1,510
The Effect of Social Desirability and Social Approval on Self-Reports of Physical Activity
Adams, S. A. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwi054 · Cited by 1,160 · cited 1×
“There are additional factors affecting the accuracy of self-report measures of PA include social desirability and recall bias.(35,36) and strong objective data show the general population is currently not sufficiently active.”
BackgroundCompher, C., Frankenfield, D., Keim, N., & Roth-Yousey, L. (2006) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2006.02.009 · Cited by 923 · cited 6×
“These restrictions are consistent with the recommendations for measurement of RMR.21 Participants were supine during the measurement period, which lasted between 5 to 10 minutes.”
MethodInfluentialExercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance
Powers, S. K., & Howley, E. T. (1990) · Cited by 867
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–119 of 119
Clarifying the difference between metabolic rate (W/m2) and metabolic equivalent (mL/kg/min)
Zhu, X., Li, Y., Sun, Z., Zhao, S., Zhang, H., Arens, E. A., Liu, S., & Zhai, Y. (2026) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2026.116837 · Cited by 1
The Intensity of Chair-Assisted Exercises in Cognitively Healthy Older Adults
Volkers, K. M., van Dijk, T. C. W., Eggermont, L. H. P., Hollander, A. P., & Scherder, E. (2013) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.21.3.260 · Cited by 1
Nutrition Intervention for an International-Standard Female Football Player
Robinson, S., Morton, J. P., Close, G. L., Flower, D., & Bannock, L. G. (2014) · Cited by 1
Tompuri, T., Lintu, N., Laitinen, T. T., & Lakka, T. A. (2017) · Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging · doi:10.1111/cpf.12461 · Cited by 1
Jiménez, D. D. P., de Diego‐Cordero, R., Vega‐Escaño, J., Molina‐Recio, G., Hernández-Martín, M. M., & Romero‐Saldaña, M. (2023) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2023.04.013 · Cited by 1
de Souza, O. F., de Araújo, N. C., Oliveira, E. K. D. S., Farias, E. D. S., Leitão, F. N. C., & de Abreu, L. C. (2025) · Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_229_24 · Cited by 1
Crisp, A. H., Verlengia, R., & Oliveira, M. R. M. (2014) · Revista Brasileira de Ciência e Movimento · doi:10.18511/0103-1716/rbcm.v22n3p148-153 · Cited by 2
Does Pregnancy Affect the Metabolic Equivalent at Rest and During Low Intensity Exercise?
Fernandes, R. M., Franchini, É., Elliott-Sale, K. J., & Takito, M. Y. (2017) · Current Women s Health Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573404812666161027143806 · Cited by 1
Sasaki, J. E. (2021) · Scholarworks (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/5476912.0 · Cited by 1
Novel insights into the physical activity continuum and cardiometabolic health in adults
Powell, C. (2017) · University of Limerick Institutional Repository (University of Limerick) · doi:10.34961/7196
Güzel, Y., Turnagöl, H. H., ATAKAN, M. M., Bulut, S., Hazır, T., & Koşar, Ş. N. (2022) · Science & Sports · doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2021.09.003
Ylitalo, K. R., Cox, W., Lucas, R., Smith, J., Gabriel, K. P., Rafalski, M., Gill, M. J., & Niceler, B. J. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268429 · Cited by 1
Diaz, J. L., Surendran, P. J., Jacob, P., Chbib, S., Foster, L. D., Abuenjelh, A. M. A., & Ibrahim, O. (2024) · Heart Views · doi:10.4103/heartviews.heartviews_27_23
Using the Compendium of Physical Activities
Herrmann, S. D., & Bushman, B. A. (2024) · ACSMʼs Health & Fitness Journal · doi:10.1249/fit.0000000000000969
Leal‐Martín, J., Muñoz-Muñoz, M., Sierra-Ramón, M., Cerezo-Arroyo, M., Gómez-Redondo, P., Alegre, L. M., Ara, I., García-García, F. J., & Mañas, A. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25876177
Metabolic Equivalents as a Foundational Physical Activity Metric: Origins, Validity, and Challenges
Leal‐Martín, J., Sánchez-Martín, C., Keadle, S. K., Mañas, A., Alegre, L. M., & Ara, I. (2026) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/jsr.0000000000001355
Feng, H., Li, Y., Xie, Z., Wang, Y., & Wang, Z. (2026) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2026.2705713
Camerlingo, N., Koffman, L. J., Adamowicz, L., Moustridi, E., & Karahanoğlu, F. I. (2026) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s26165194
Metadata
- Authors
- Kozey, S., Lyden, K., Staudenmayer, J., & Freedson, P.
- Venue
- Journal of Physical Activity and Health
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2010-07
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 508-516
- ISSN
- 1543-3080 (ISSN-L)
- 1543-5474
- OpenAlex
- W2162050088
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 4.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Physical Activity and Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA121005)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- resting metabolic rate, Harris-Benedict equation, physical activity energy expenditure, indirect calorimetry, body mass index, fitness level, older adults, overweight and obesity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Fitness, Reference Values, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
