The Role of School Physical Activity Programs in Child Body Mass Trajectory
Open accessAbstract
Background: Physical activity at school can support obesity prevention among youth. This paper assesses the role of existing school physical activity programs for a national cohort from first grade to fifth grade. Methods: We analyzed a cohort from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey—Kindergarten Cohort which included 8246 children in 970 schools across the country. Growth curve models estimate the effect of physical education (PE) and recess on individual child body mass trajectories controlling for child and school characteristics. Hierarchical models allow for unobserved school and child effects. Results: Among first graders, 7.0% met the National Association of Sport and Physical Education (NASPE) recommended time for PE and 70.7% met the recommended time for recess in the previous week. Boys experienced a greater increase in body mass than girls. Meeting the NASPE recommended time for recess was associated with a 0.74 unit decrease in BMI (body mass index) percentile for children overall. Meeting the NASPE recommendation for physical education was associated with 1.56 unit decrease in BMI percentile among boys but not girls. Conclusions: We find evidence that meeting the national recommendations for PE and recess is effective in mitigating body mass increase among children.
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In a prospective observational analysis among US children monitored from first to fifth grade, meeting the recommended time for recess was associated with lower BMI z scores, and meeting the recommended time for physical education was associated with lower BMI z scores in boys but not girls.
“In a prospective observational analysis among US children monitored from first to fifth grade, meeting the recommended time for recess was associated with lower BMI z scores, and meeting the recommended time for physical education (PE) was associated with lower BMI z scores in boys but not girls.248”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [248]
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- Authors
- Fernandes, M. M., & Sturm, R.
- Affiliations
- RAND Corporation (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Physical Activity and Health
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2011-02
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 174-181
- ISSN
- 1543-3080 (ISSN-L)
- 1543-5474
- PMC
- PMC3074953
- OpenAlex
- W2128736182
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 5.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Physical Activity and Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD057193)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Physical Education and Pedagogy
- Keywords
- school-based physical activity, physical education, recess, childhood obesity prevention, body mass index trajectories, children, sex differences, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort
- MeSH terms
- Child, Female, Humans, Male, Physical Education and Training, Schools, Socioeconomic Factors, Cohort Studies, Health Behavior, Exercise, Body Mass Index
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