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Representative Learning Design and Functionality of Research and Practice in Sport
Open accessAbstract
Egon Brunswik proposed the concept of “representative design” for psychological experimentation, which has historically been overlooked or confused with another of Brunswik’s terms, ecological validity. In this article, we reiterate the distinction between these two important concepts and highlight the relevance of the term representative design for sports psychology, practice, and experimental design. We draw links with ideas on learning design in the constraints-led approach to motor learning and nonlinear pedagogy. We propose the adoption of a new term, representative learning design , to help sport scientists, experimental psychologists, and pedagogues recognize the potential application of Brunswik’s original concepts, and to ensure functionality and action fidelity in training and learning environments.
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“The merit of representative learning designs (i.e., measured by the degree to which skills acquired in practice transfer to the competitive environment; Renshaw and Chow, 2019) has been supported by an extensive body of research (see Pinder et al., 2011; Krause et al., 2018, 2019).”
From Skill Training Periodization in “Specialist” Sports Coaching—An Introduction of the “PoST” Framework for Skill Development (2019) · cites this paper as Pinder et al., 2011
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“In brief, the CLA, as an ecological model, advocates the underlying principle that open systems (e.g., athletes within invasion games or team ball games) are of non-linear nature and involve a mutual relationship with the performance environment (Pinder et al., 2011; Renshaw et al., 2016).”
From Skill Training Periodization in “Specialist” Sports Coaching—An Introduction of the “PoST” Framework for Skill Development (2019) · cites this paper as Pinder et al., 2011
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“(3) developing training designs that recreate action fidelity (i.e., the degree of correspondence between emerging behavior in a training task compared to competitive performance; Travassos et al., 2012) and functionality (i.e., the achievement of goals in the performance environment that are based on actions and constraints that athletes have been exposed to in the learning context; Pinder et al.”
From Skill Training Periodization in “Specialist” Sports Coaching—An Introduction of the “PoST” Framework for Skill Development (2019) · cites this paper as Pinder et al., 2011
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Aberdeen, I. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-2160-8.ch008
Hsing, H., Chen, P.-Y., & Lau, N. K. C. (2025) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/10711813251367732
“Coaches typically draw abstract forms, like “Xs and Os” or numbers, on tactical drawings to communicate with players, omitting all graphic fidelity or realism that some argue could enhance skill transfer (Hadlow et al., 2018; L. Krause et al., 2018; Pinder et al., 2011).”
Lei, M. K., & Cheng, K. B. (2025) · Sports Biomechanics · doi:10.1080/14763141.2025.2568217
“It is suggested that task constraints of the experimental environment should adequately replicate the performance environment as in the actual situations (Pinder et al., 2011).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Pinder, R. A., Davids, K., Renshaw, I., & Araújo, D.
- Affiliations
- Queensland University of Technology (AU)
- Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (PT)
- Venue
- Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2011-02
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 146-155
- ISSN
- 0895-2779 (ISSN-L)
- 1543-2904
- OpenAlex
- W1608609560
- Semantic Scholar
- 04714871c81fe4d9d1649885ab140c448d7d7a66
- Cited by
- 692
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 96 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 37.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- SHURA (Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive) (Sheffield Hallam University) (submittedVersion)
- USC Research Bank (University of the Sunshine Coast) (submittedVersion)
- Faculty of Health; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Sports and Physical Education Research
- Social Sciences › Education › Physical Education and Pedagogy
- Keywords
- representative design, Brunswik, ecological validity, constraints-led approach, motor learning, nonlinear pedagogy, experimental design, training environment, sport psychology
- MeSH terms
- Ecology, Humans, Learning, Physical Education and Training, Research Design, Sports, Behavioral Research
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