The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Female Fandom: Identity, Sexism, and Men’s Professional Football in England
Abstract
In this article I consider women’s relationship to football culture, showing how women sometimes downplay their gender identities to reinforce their fan identities. To accomplish this I interviewed 38 female fans at English men’s football (soccer) matches and analyzed their responses to abusive or insulting behavior by male fans. Women used three strategies to respond to sexism and homophobia. First, they expressed disgust at abuse, sometimes redefining fandom to exclude abusers. Second, they downplayed sexism. Their third strategy was to embrace gender stereotypes, arguing that femininity was inconsistent with “authentic” fandom and that abuse was a fundamental part of football. Finally, I suggest that examining nontraditional male fans using a similar framework might yield useful results.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity
McIntosh, M. (1991) · Feminist Review · doi:10.1057/fr.1991.33 · Cited by 29,379
Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques.
Ellis, C., Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1992) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2074814 · Cited by 29,249
Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept
Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/0891243205278639 · Cited by 9,367
HIERARCHIES, JOBS, BODIES: A Theory of Gendered Organizations
ACKER, J. (1990) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/089124390004002002 · Cited by 7,374
Gender and Power: Society, the Person, and Sexual Politics.
Stacey, J., & Connell, R. W. (1988) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2073932 · Cited by 4,210
Gender Play: Girls and Boys in School.
Eder, D., & Thorne, B. (1995) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2580577 · Cited by 1,637
Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity
Kimmel, M. S. (1994) · Theorizing Masculinities · doi:10.4135/9781452243627.n7 · Cited by 1,607
Recovering the feminine other: masculinity, femininity, and gender hegemony
Schippers, M. (2007) · Theory and Society · doi:10.1007/s11186-007-9022-4 · Cited by 1,344
Connell’s concept of hegemonic masculinity: A critique
Demetriou, D. Z. (2001) · Theory and Society · doi:10.1023/a:1017596718715 · Cited by 1,017
Supporters, Followers, Fans, and Flaneurs: A Taxonomy of Spectator Identities in Football
Giulianotti, R. (2002) · Journal of Sport and Social Issues · doi:10.1177/0193723502261003 · Cited by 806
Cited by
Richards, J., & Parry, K. D. (2020) · International Review for the Sociology of Sport · doi:10.1177/1012690219835487 · Cited by 29
Gay Male Football Fans’ Experiences: Authenticity, Belonging and Conditional Acceptance
Magrath, R. (2021) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/0038038521994012 · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Jones, K. W.
- Venue
- Sociology of Sport Journal
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 516-537
- ISSN
- 0741-1235 (ISSN-L)
- 1543-2785
- OpenAlex
- W2099076048
- Cited by
- 301
- References
- 37
- FWCI
- 11.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Female Fandom: Identity, Sexism, and Men’s Professional Football in England. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1123/ssj.25.4.516
- The paper
- Jones, K. W. (2008). Female Fandom: Identity, Sexism, and Men’s Professional Football in England. Sociology of Sport Journal. https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.25.4.516
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.