Efficient and selective degradation of polyethylenes into liquid fuels and waxes under mild conditions

Jia, Xiangqing; Qin, Chuan; Friedberger, Tobias; Guan, Zhibin; Huang, Zheng

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501591

Cited by 534Synthetic Organic Chemistry MethodsOrganometallic Complex Synthesis and CatalysisPolymer crystallization and properties

Efficient and selective degradation of polyethylenes into liquid fuels and waxes under mild conditions

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Jia, Xiangqing, Qin, Chuan, Friedberger, Tobias, Guan, Zhibin, Huang, Zheng·2016·Science Advances

DOI 10.1126/sciadv.1501591PMC PMC4928905

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Abstract

Polyethylene (PE) is the largest-volume synthetic polymer, and its chemical inertness makes its degradation by low-energy processes a challenging problem. We report a tandem catalytic cross alkane metathesis method for highly efficient degradation of polyethylenes under mild conditions. With the use of widely available, low-value, short alkanes (for example, petroleum ethers) as cross metathesis partners, different types of polyethylenes with various molecular weights undergo complete conversion into useful liquid fuels and waxes. This method shows excellent selectivity for linear alkane formation, and the degradation product distribution (liquid fuels versus waxes) can be controlled by the catalyst structure and reaction time. In addition, the catalysts are compatible with various polyolefin additives; therefore, common plastic wastes, such as postconsumer polyethylene bottles, bags, and films could be converted into valuable chemical feedstocks without any pretreatment.

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In polyethylene, C=C bonds in the main chain act as weak sites that can initiate controllable cleavage via oxidation and metathesis reactions, enabling upcycling into liquid fuels, value-added precursors, or propylene monomer.
“Creating unsaturated C=C bonds into PE main chains to break the homogeneous stable C–C bonds, which are “weak” sites to initiate controllable cleavage via oxidation and metathesis reactions to realize upcycling PE into liquid fuels17,18 or value-added precursors19−23 and even propylene monomer24−26 provides a sustainable development route for PE (Scheme 1b).”
From Installing a Trigger to Upcycle High-Density Polyethylene (2024) · cites this paper as [17]
A novel tandem catalytic system has been developed for polyethylene depolymerization, yielding various n-alkanes and polyethylene waxes.
“A novel tandem catalytic system has been developed for polyethylene depolymerization, yielding various n-alkanes and polyethylene waxes [71].”
From Transforming Plastic Waste into Value: A Review of Management Strategies and Innovative Applications in Sustainable Construction (2025) · cites this paper as [71]

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Authors: Jia, X., Qin, C., Friedberger, T., Guan, Z., & Huang, Z.
Affiliations: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
University of California, Irvine (US)
Corresponding author: Guan, Zhibin
Huang, Zheng
ORCID: Jia, Xiangqing
Qin, Chuan
Friedberger, Tobias
Guan, Zhibin
Huang, Zheng
Venue: Science Advances
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2016-06-03
Volume: 2
Issue: 6
Pages: e1501591-e1501591
ISSN: 2375-2548 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501591
PMC: PMC4928905
OpenAlex: W2444352686
Cited by: 534
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 55 · 2025: 89 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 112 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 2
FWCI: 5.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
Locations: Science Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Basic Research Program of China (ID0EBEBG7016, 2015CB856600)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (ID0EPJBG7017, 21422209, 21432011, 21421091)
Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences (ID0E6OBG7018, CHE-1012422, DMR-1217651)
U.S. Department of Energy (ID0EFUBG7019, DE-FG02-04ER46162)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Synthetic Organic Chemistry Methods
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Organometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer crystallization and properties
Keywords: polyethylene degradation, cross-metathesis, liquid fuels, waxes, plastic recycling, catalyst structure, petroleum ether
MeSH terms: Alkanes, Aluminum Oxide, Catalysis, Energy-Generating Resources, Hydrogenation, Oils, Polyethylenes, Waxes

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Efficient and selective degradation of polyethylenes into liquid fuels and waxes under mild conditions

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