The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
NPAS2: An Analog of Clock Operative in the Mammalian Forebrain
Abstract
Neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) is a transcription factor expressed primarily in the mammalian forebrain. NPAS2 is highly related in primary amino acid sequence to Clock, a transcription factor expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus that heterodimerizes with BMAL1 and regulates circadian rhythm. To investigate the biological role of NPAS2, we prepared a neuroblastoma cell line capable of conditional induction of the NPAS2:BMAL1 heterodimer and identified putative target genes by representational difference analysis, DNA microarrays, and Northern blotting. Coinduction of NPAS2 and BMAL1 activated transcription of the endogenous Per1, Per2, and Cry1 genes, which encode negatively activating components of the circadian regulatory apparatus, and repressed transcription of the endogenous BMAL1 gene. Analysis of the frontal cortex of wild-type mice kept in a 24-hour light-dark cycle revealed that Per1, Per2, and Cry1 mRNA levels were elevated during darkness and reduced during light, whereas BMAL1 mRNA displayed the opposite pattern. In situ hybridization assays of mice kept in constant darkness revealed that Per2 mRNA abundance did not oscillate as a function of the circadian cycle in NPAS2-deficient mice. Thus, NPAS2 likely functions as part of a molecular clock operative in the mammalian forebrain.
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“Selectively in forebrain regions, Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 2 (NPAS2), a protein very similar to CLOCK, can bind BMAL1 and induce Per and Cry gene expression (Reick et al., 2001).”
From Circadian genes, rhythms and the biology of mood disorders (2007) · cites this paper as Reick et al., 2001
Citations
Cites
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- Ross R. A., Adv. Neuroblastoma Res. 2, 265 (1988).
- Mouse genomic sequences containing the 5′ untranslated sequences of BMAL1 mRNA were identified by BLAST (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST) search. Then 2.8 kb of 5′-flanking sequences of the BMAL 5′ UTR were amplified by PCR (with the primers 5′-GCGGCGGTACCAATGAGGTTCCACCCACAC-3′ and 5′-GCGGCTCGAGGACGGACGCCCGAGACGG-3′) and cloned into pGEMT and subsequently into the Xho I site of the pGL3-basic vector.
- Supplementary data are available at Science Online (www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/1060699/DC1).
Cited by
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Coordination of circadian timing in mammals
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Metadata
- Authors
- Reick, M., Garcia, J. A., Dudley, C., & McKnight, S. L.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Department of Biochemistry,
- Corresponding author
- McKnight, Steven L.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2001-07-20
- Volume
- 293
- Issue
- 5529
- Pages
- 506-509
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1965359283
- Cited by
- 572
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 9.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH059388, 1RO1MH59388)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Keywords
- NPAS2, clocks, Bmal1, circadian rhythm, transcription factor heterodimer, Per1, Per2, CRY1, clock genes, light-dark cycle, constant darkness, frontal cortex, gene expression oscillations
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Biological Clocks, Cell Line, Circadian Rhythm, Cloning, Molecular, Darkness, Ecdysterone, Eye Proteins, Flavoproteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Light, Mice, Inbred Strains, Molecular Sequence Data, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Nuclear Proteins, Transcription Factors, Transfection, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Blotting, Northern, Trans-Activators, Prosencephalon, In Situ Hybridization, Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate, Cell Cycle Proteins, Dimerization, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Drosophila Proteins, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Mice, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins, CLOCK Proteins, ARNTL Transcription Factors, Cryptochromes, Period Circadian Proteins
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