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Operant Reward Learning in Aplysia : Neuronal Correlates and Mechanisms
Open accessAbstract
Operant conditioning is a form of associative learning through which an animal learns about the consequences of its behavior. Here, we report an appetitive operant conditioning procedure in Aplysia that induces long-term memory. Biophysical changes that accompanied the memory were found in an identified neuron (cell B51) that is considered critical for the expression of behavior that was rewarded. Similar cellular changes in B51 were produced by contingent reinforcement of B51 with dopamine in a single-cell analog of the operant procedure. These findings allow for the detailed analysis of the cellular and molecular processes underlying operant conditioning.
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“For example, Aplysia californica is only capable of modifying the strength of preexisting associations between reflex-eliciting stimuli, and thus its mode of AL does not meet condition ii (see Carew et al., 1981; Hawkins et al., 1983; Brembs et al., 2002; Hawkins and Byrne, 2015 provide a review).”
From The Transition to Minimal Consciousness through the Evolution of Associative Learning (2016) · cites this paper as Brembs et al., 2002
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Cites
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- I. P. Pavlov Conditioned Reflexes (Oxford University Press Oxford 1927).
- We thank E. Antzoulatos for helpful discussions and E. Wilkinson for invaluable technical assistance. B.B. is a scholar of the Emmy-Noether Programm of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Supported by NIH grant MH 58321. Supporting Online Material www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/296/5573/1706/DC1 Materials and Methods SOM Text Fig. S1 and S2 References and Notes Movies S1 and S2
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Puygrenier, L., Simmers, J., & Nargeot, R. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.07.30.741715
Gupta, A., Neveu, C. L., Cropper, E. C., & Byrne, J. H. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.117375
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Byrne, J. H., Fioravante, D., & Antzoulatos, E. G. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511995583.007
Metadata
- Authors
- Brembs, B., Lorenzetti, F. D., Reyes, F. D., Baxter, D. A., & Byrne, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, W. M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, The University of Texas–Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Corresponding author
- Lorenzetti, Fred D.
- Byrne, John H.
- ORCID
- Byrne, John H.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2002-05-31
- Volume
- 296
- Issue
- 5573
- Pages
- 1706-1709
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2055848231
- Cited by
- 338
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 7.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg) (acceptedVersion)
- University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH058321, MH58321)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Keywords
- operant conditioning, Aplysia, appetitive learning, long-term memory, dopamine, contingent reinforcement, associative learning
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Aplysia, Cells, Cultured, Conditioning, Operant, Dopamine, Eating, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Esophagus, Feeding Behavior, Food, Iontophoresis, Membrane Potentials, Memory, Nerve Net, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons, Reinforcement, Psychology, Reward, Ganglia, Invertebrate, Patch-Clamp Techniques
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