A Cellular Mechanism of Classical Conditioning in Aplysia : Activity-Dependent Amplification of Presynaptic Facilitation
Abstract
A training procedure analogous to differential classical conditioning produces differential facilitation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP's) in the neuronal circuit for the siphon withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Thus, tail shock (the unconditioned stimulus) produces greater facilitation of the monosynaptic EPSP from a siphon sensory neuron to a siphon motor neuron if the shock is preceded by spike activity in the sensory neuron than if the shock and spike activity occur in a specifically unpaired pattern or if the shock occurs alone. Further experiments indicate that this activity-dependent amplification of facilitation is presynaptic in origin and involves a differential increase in spike duration and thus in Ca2+ influx in paired versus unpaired sensory neurons. The results of these cellular experiments are quantitatively similar to the results of behavioral experiments with the same protocol and parameters, suggesting that activity-dependent amplification of presynaptic facilitation may make a significant contribution to classical conditioning of the withdrawal reflex.
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Aplysia californica is only capable of modifying the strength of preexisting associations between reflex-eliciting stimuli, and thus its mode of associative learning does not meet UAL condition ii.
“For example, Aplysia californica is only capable of modifying the strength of preexisting associations between reflex-eliciting stimuli, and thus its mode of AL does not meet condition ii (see Carew et al., 1981; Hawkins et al., 1983; Brembs et al., 2002; Hawkins and Byrne, 2015 provide a review).”
From The Transition to Minimal Consciousness through the Evolution of Associative Learning (2016) · cites this paper as Hawkins et al., 1983
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- Authors
- Hawkins, R. D., Abrams, T. W., Carew, T. J., & Kandel, E. R.
- Affiliations
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1983-01-28
- Volume
- 219
- Issue
- 4583
- Pages
- 400-405
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1993405709
- Cited by
- 617
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 15.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k02mh000081-11)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (T32NS007062)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Keywords
- classical conditioning, Aplysia, siphon withdrawal reflex, presynaptic facilitation, activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, excitatory postsynaptic potentials, sensory neurons, motor neurons, spike length, calcium influx, differential conditioning
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Afferent Pathways, Animals, Aplysia, Calcium, Conditioning, Classical, Learning, Motor Neurons, Synaptic Transmission, Reflex
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