The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Representation of the Quantity of Visual Items in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
Abstract
Deriving the quantity of items is an abstract form of categorization. To explore it, monkeys were trained to judge whether successive visual displays contained the same quantity of items. Many neurons in the lateral prefrontal cortex were tuned for quantity irrespective of the exact physical appearance of the displays. Their tuning curves formed overlapping filters, which may explain why behavioral discrimination improves with increasing numerical distance and why discrimination of two quantities with equal numerical distance worsens as their numerical size increases. A mechanism that extracts the quantity of visual field items could contribute to general numerical ability.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Sources of Mathematical Thinking: Behavioral and Brain-Imaging Evidence
Dehaene, S., Spelke, E., Pinel, P., Stanescu, R., & Tsivkin, S. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5416.970 · Cited by 1,739
Categorical Representation of Visual Stimuli in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
Freedman, D. J., Riesenhuber, M., Poggio, T., & Miller, E. K. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.291.5502.312 · Cited by 1,123
Self-citationPREDATOR VIGILANCE AND GROUP SIZE IN MAMMALS AND BIRDS: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
ELGAR, M. A. (1989) · Biological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1989.tb00636.x · Cited by 1,119
Abstract representations of numbers in the animal and human brain
Dehaene, S., Dehaene-Lambertz, G., & Cohen, L. (1998) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01263-6 · Cited by 918
Subitizing: An analysis of its component processes.
Mandler, G., & Shebo, B. J. (1982) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.111.1.1 · Cited by 878
Ordering of the Numerosities 1 to 9 by Monkeys
Brannon, E. M., & Terrace, H. S. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5389.746 · Cited by 696
Development of Elementary Numerical Abilities: A Neuronal Model
Dehaene, S., & Changeux, J.-P. (1993) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1993.5.4.390 · Cited by 695
Localization of cortical areas activated by thinking
Roland, P. E., & Friberg, L. (1985) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1985.53.5.1219 · Cited by 596
Roaring and numerical assessment in contests between groups of female lions, Panthera leo
McComb, K., Packer, C., & Pusey, A. (1994) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1006/anbe.1994.1052 · Cited by 594
Spontaneous number representation in semi–free–ranging rhesus monkeys
Hauser, M. D., Carey, S., & Hauser, L. B. (2000) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1078 · Cited by 514
Cited by
How Can the Human Mind Occur in the Physical Universe?
Anderson, J. R. (2007) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195324259.001.0001 · Cited by 1,483
The Distributed Nature of Working Memory
Christophel, T. B., Klink, P. C., Spitzer, B., Roelfsema, P. R., & Haynes, J.-D. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2016.12.007 · Cited by 882
Karbach, J., & Verhaeghen, P. (2014) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797614548725 · Cited by 589
Dopamine and Cognitive Control in Prefrontal Cortex
Ott, T., & Nieder, A. (2019) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2018.12.006 · Cited by 530
Self-citationThe Structure of Cognition: Attentional Episodes in Mind and Brain
Duncan, J. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.09.015 · Cited by 471
Metadata
- Authors
- Nieder, A., Freedman, D. J., & Miller, E. K.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2002-09-06
- Volume
- 297
- Issue
- 5587
- Pages
- 1708-1711
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2021443299
- Cited by
- 699
- References
- 20
- FWCI
- 28.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Representation of the Quantity of Visual Items in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1072493
- The paper
- Nieder, A., Freedman, D. J., & Miller, E. K. (2002). Representation of the Quantity of Visual Items in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1072493
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
