The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
How Can the Human Mind Occur in the Physical Universe?
Abstract
Humans share the same basic cognitive architecture with all primates, but they have evolved abilities to exercise abstract control over cognition and process more complex relational patterns. The human cognitive architecture consists of a set of largely independent modules associated with different brain regions. In this book, Anderson discusses in detail how these various modules can combine to produce behaviors as varied as driving a car and solving an algebraic equation, but focuses principally on two of the modules: the declarative and procedural. The declarative module involves a memory system that, moment by moment, attempts to give each person the most appropriate possible window into his or her past. The procedural module involves a central system that strives to develop a set of productions that will enable the most adaptive response from any state of the modules. Newell argued that the answer to his question must take the form of a cognitive architecture, and Anderson organizes his answer around the ACT-R architecture, but broadens it by bringing in research from all areas of cognitive science, including how recent work in brain imaging maps onto the cognitive architecture
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
ACT-R posits that declarative and procedural knowledge play fundamental roles in skill acquisition.
“ACT-R posits that declarative and procedural knowledge play fundamental roles in skill acquisition.”
From Testing the three-stage model of second language skill acquisition (2025) · cites this paper as Anderson, 2007
Some aspects of performance routines can be proceduralized but others always remain declarative in nature.
“This view is consistent with the ACT-R cognitive mechanisms whereby some aspects of performance routines can be proceduralized but others always remain declarative in nature (Anderson, 2005(Anderson, , 2007)).”
From Testing the three-stage model of second language skill acquisition (2025) · cites this paper as Anderson, 2007
The finding of a decreasing impact of declarative learning does not contradict recent implementations of ACT-R, which allow declarative memory to be involved even after proceduralization has taken place.
“our finding also does not contradict recent implementations of ACT-R, which allow for the involvement of declarative memory even after proceduralization has taken place”
From Testing the three-stage model of second language skill acquisition (2025) · cites this paper as Anderson, 2007
Citations
Cites
Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions
Stroop, J. R. (1935) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0054651 · Cited by 18,622
Hebb, D. O. (2005) · doi:10.4324/9781410612403 · Cited by 9,825
The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception
Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., & Chun, M. M. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-11-04302.1997 · Cited by 7,738
On the psychology of prediction.
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1973) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0034747 · Cited by 6,202
McClelland, J. L., McNaughton, B. L., & O'Reilly, R. C. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.3.419 · Cited by 5,256
STRIPS: A New Approach to the Application of Theorem Proving to Problem Solving
Fikes, R. E., & Nilsson, N. J. (1971) · Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/0004-3702(71)90010-5 · Cited by 4,882
Connectionism and cognitive architecture: A critical analysis
Fodor, J. A., & Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1988) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(88)90031-5 · Cited by 4,022
WIDROW, B., & HOFF, M. E. (1960) · doi:10.21236/ad0241531 · Cited by 4,009
Catastrophic Interference in Connectionist Networks: The Sequential Learning Problem
McCloskey, M., & Cohen, N. J. (1989) · Psychology of Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60536-8 · Cited by 3,770
Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops: motor and cognitive circuits
Middleton, F. (2000) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(99)00040-5 · Cited by 1,940
Temporal difference models and reward-related learning in the human brain
O'Doherty, J. P., Dayan, P., Friston, K., Critchley, H., & Dolan, R. J. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00169-7 · Cited by 1,522
The visual word form area: expertise for reading in the fusiform gyrus
McCandliss, B. D., Cohen, L., & Dehaene, S. (2003) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(03)00134-7 · Cited by 1,489
Models of ecological rationality: The recognition heuristic.
Goldstein, D. G., & Gigerenzer, G. (2002) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.109.1.75 · Cited by 1,352
Human cingulate cortex and autonomic control: converging neuroimaging and clinical evidence
Critchley, H. D., Mathias, C. J., Josephs, O., O’Doherty, J., Zanini, S., Dewar, B., Cipolotti, L., Shallice, T., & Dolan, R. J. (2003) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awg216 · Cited by 1,201
Models of Information Processing in the Basal Ganglia
(1994) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/4708.001.0001 · Cited by 1,190
A developmental functional MRI study of prefrontal activation during performance of a go-no-go task
Casey, B. J., Trainor, R. J., Orendi, J. L., Schubert, A. B., Nystrom, L. E., Giedd, J. N., Castellanos, F. X., Haxby, J. V., Noll, D. C., Cohen, J. D., et al. (1997) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.6.835 · Cited by 1,106
Badre, D., Poldrack, R. A., Paré-Blagoev, E. J., Insler, R. Z., & Wagner, A. D. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.07.023 · Cited by 914
Modulation of Neuronal Activity in Superior Colliculus by Changes in Target Probability
Basso, M. A., & Wurtz, R. H. (1998) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-18-07519.1998 · Cited by 474
Toward an explanation of the power law artifact: Insights from response surface analysis
Myung, I. J., Kim, C., & Pitt, M. A. (2000) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03198418 · Cited by 126
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neural reuse: A fundamental organizational principle of the brain
Anderson, M. L. (2010) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x10000853 · Cited by 1,212
Facebook and texting made me do it: Media-induced task-switching while studying
Rosen, L. D., Mark Carrier, L., & Cheever, N. A. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.001 · Cited by 875
Symbol Interdependency in Symbolic and Embodied Cognition
Louwerse, M. M. (2011) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/j.1756-8765.2010.01106.x · Cited by 399
Laird, J. E., Lebiere, C., & Rosenbloom, P. S. (2017) · AI Magazine · doi:10.1609/aimag.v38i4.2744 · Cited by 392
DeKeyser, R. (2020) · Theories in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.4324/9780429503986-5 · Cited by 325
Effects of Cognitive Load on Driving Performance: The Cognitive Control Hypothesis
Engström, J., Markkula, G., Victor, T., & Merat, N. (2017) · Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/0018720817690639 · Cited by 299
The nature and transfer of cognitive skills
Taatgen, N. A. (2013) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0033138 · Cited by 288
Salvucci, D. D., Taatgen, N. A., & Borst, J. P. (2009) · Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1518701.1518981 · Cited by 251
Larry D., R., Alex F., L., L. Mark, C., & Nancy A., C. (2011) · Revista de Psicología Educativa · doi:10.5093/ed2011v17n2a4 · Cited by 254
The problem state: A cognitive bottleneck in multitasking.
Borst, J. P., Taatgen, N. A., & van Rijn, H. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0018106 · Cited by 193
Growing up multitasking: The costs and benefits for cognitive development
Courage, M. L., Bakhtiar, A., Fitzpatrick, C., Kenny, S., & Brandeau, K. (2015) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2014.12.002 · Cited by 159
Borst, J. P., Taatgen, N. A., & van Rijn, H. (2015) · Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2702123.2702156 · Cited by 156
A Moderate Approach to Embodied Cognitive Science
Goldman, A. I. (2012) · Review of Philosophy and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s13164-012-0089-0 · Cited by 135
Toward an integration of deep learning and neuroscience
Marblestone, A. H., Wayne, G., & Kording, K. P. (2016) · Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncom.2016.00094 · Cited by 119
The acquisition of robust and flexible cognitive skills.
Taatgen, N. A., Huss, D., Dickison, D., & Anderson, J. R. (2008) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.137.3.548 · Cited by 115
Self-citationMultitasking and monotasking: the effects of mental workload on deferred task interruptions
Salvucci, D. D., & Bogunovich, P. (2010) · Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1753326.1753340 · Cited by 109
Enhancing intelligent agents with episodic memory
Nuxoll, A. M., & Laird, J. E. (2012) · Cognitive Systems Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2011.10.002 · Cited by 99
Örün, Ö., & Akbulut, Y. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.027 · Cited by 87
A memory for goals model of sequence errors
Trafton, J. G., Altmann, E. M., & Ratwani, R. M. (2011) · Cognitive Systems Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2010.07.010 · Cited by 85
Tasks and their role in visual neuroscience
Kay, K., Bonnen, K., Denison, R. N., Arcaro, M. J., & Barack, D. L. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.022 · Cited by 61
Endogenous control and task representation: an fMRI study in algebraic problem-solving
Stocco, A., & Anderson, J. R. (2008) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2008.20089 · Cited by 59
Self-citationEffects of multitasking on retention and topic interest
Dindar, M., & Akbulut, Y. (2016) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2015.10.005 · Cited by 55
Borst, J. P., Taatgen, N. A., Stocco, A., & van Rijn, H. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012966 · Cited by 52
Decision Making in Concurrent Multitasking: Do People Adapt to Task Interference?
Nijboer, M., Taatgen, N. A., Brands, A., Borst, J. P., & van Rijn, H. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079583 · Cited by 49
Towards Autonomous Testing Agents via Conversational Large Language Models
Feldt, R., Kang, S., Yoon, J., & Yoo, S. (2023) · 2023 38th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE) · doi:10.1109/ase56229.2023.00148 · Cited by 49
Downs, E., Tran, A., McMenemy, R., & Abegaze, N. (2015) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2015.08.008 · Cited by 34
Borst, J. P., Taatgen, N. A., & van Rijn, H. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.084 · Cited by 33
Theoretical Models of Training and Transfer Effects
Taatgen, N. A. (2016) · Cognitive Training · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42662-4_3 · Cited by 27
The Leabra architecture: specialization without modularity
Petrov, A. A., Jilk, D. J., & O'Reilly, R. C. (2010) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x10001160 · Cited by 26
Avoiding the problem state bottleneck by strategic use of the environment
Borst, J. P., Buwalda, T. A., van Rijn, H., & Taatgen, N. A. (2013) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.07.016 · Cited by 19
Oliva, J., Serrano, J. I., del Castillo, M. D., & Iglesias, Á. (2014) · Artificial Intelligence in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.artmed.2014.04.002 · Cited by 9
Hake, H. S., Sibert, C., & Stocco, A. (2022) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/tops.12623 · Cited by 8
Testing the three-stage model of second language skill acquisition
Maie, R., & Godfroid, A. (2025) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s027226312500021x · Cited by 11
“It is primarily based on Anderson ’ s Adaptive Control of Thought (ACT) theory (Anderson, 1982, 1983) and its subsequent computer-implemented cognitive architecture, Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R; see Anderson, 2005, 2007).”
A Comment On "The Illusion of Thinking": Reframing the Reasoning Cliff as an Agentic Gap
Khan, S., Madhavan, S., & Natarajan, K. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.18957
Metadata
- Authors
- Anderson, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Anderson, John R.
- ORCID
- Anderson, John R.
- Venue
- Oxford University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Published
- 2007-10-01
- OpenAlex
- W1928882148
- Cited by
- 1,483
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 73 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 118 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 80 · 2016: 89 · 2015: 95 · 2014: 119 · 2013: 88 · 2012: 63
- FWCI
- 30.32
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oxford University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- KiltHub Repository (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Cognitive Science and Education Research
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › AI-based Problem Solving and Planning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Psychiatry, Mental Health, Neuroscience
- Keywords
- cognitive architecture, ACT-R, declarative memory, procedural memory, production systems, mind-brain relationship, cognitive modules, neuroimaging, human cognition
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
