The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Calibration of Sulfate Levels in the Archean Ocean
Abstract
The size of the marine sulfate reservoir has grown through Earth's history, reflecting the accumulation of oxygen into the atmosphere. Sulfur isotope fractionation experiments on marine and freshwater sulfate reducers, together with the isotope record, imply that oceanic Archean sulfate concentrations were <200 microM, which is less than one-hundredth of present marine sulfate levels and one-fifth of what was previously thought. Such low sulfate concentrations were maintained by volcanic outgassing of SO2 gas, and severely suppressed sulfate reduction rates allowed for a carbon cycle dominated by methanogenesis.
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In the citing paper
“The absence of this isotope fractionation indicates little Archean seawater sulfate and implies anoxic air.”
From The Archean atmosphere (2020) · cites this paper as [74]
In the citing paper
“In contrast to the preceding Archean eon, when marine sulfate concentrations were vanishingly small (Habicht et al., 2002; Crowe et al., 2014) and methane (CH4) undoubtedly contributed significantly to greenhouse warming, both methane production and preservation may have been challenged during the boring billion.”
From Oxygenation, Life, and the Planetary System during Earth's Middle History: An Overview (2021) · cites this paper as Habicht et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“The extremely 34S-depleted pyrite suggests that microbial sulfate reduction occurred under sulfate-unlimited conditions in the upper portion of the MDF interval (60).”
From Rapid oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere 2.33 billion years ago (2016) · cites this paper as [60]
In the citing paper
“In contrast, high δ34S values of +2.4 to +24.4‰ further downcore in the S-MIF and transitional intervals are consistent with quantitative sulfate reduction under low oceanic sulfate levels (60) before the GOE.”
From Rapid oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere 2.33 billion years ago (2016) · cites this paper as [60]
In the citing paper
“Therefore, a much higher sink of seawater sulfate is required to maintain the very low sulfate levels previously suggested (8, 34, 60).”
From Rapid oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere 2.33 billion years ago (2016) · cites this paper as [60]
Citations
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Cited by
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The rise of oxygen in Earth's early ocean and atmosphere
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Habicht, K. S., Gade, M., Thamdrup, B., Berg, P., & Canfield, D. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- University of Virginia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Canfield, Donald E.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2002-12-20
- Volume
- 298
- Issue
- 5602
- Pages
- 2372-2374
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2034146435
- Cited by
- 756
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 18.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Keywords
- Archean ocean, marine sulfate, sulfur isotope fractionation, sulfate reduction, volcanic outgassing, SO2, methanogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Anaerobiosis, Bacteria, Fresh Water, Iron, Methane, Oceans and Seas, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen, Seawater, Sulfates, Sulfides, Time, Geologic Sediments, Archaeoglobus fulgidus
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