The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Strengthening Individual Memories by Reactivating Them During Sleep
Open accessAbstract
During sleep, memories can be influenced in a specific and systematic manner.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This contrasts with findings indicating that an external triggering of memory reactivations during sleep enhances memory performance the next day (295, 959, 1018)”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [1018]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Although cuing during sleep with odours may be particularly effective as it leaves sleep architecture completely undisturbed, a sleep-associated enhancement of spatial memories has been also revealed after cuing with auditory stimuli (Rudoy, Voss, Westerberg, & Paller 2009).”
From System consolidation of memory during sleep (2012) · cites this paper as Rudoy, Voss, Westerberg, & Paller 2009
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“During a posttraining nap, only half of the sounds were administered again to reactivate respective place-object associations.At later retrieval, memory for the reactivated associations was significantly better than for the nonreactivated associations.”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [1018]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Also, experimental cueing of memories during sleep did not produce specific dream reports of task-related themes (959, 1018; Rihm et al., unpublished observation).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [1018]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Memory - A century of consolidation
McGaugh, J. L. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5451.248 · Cited by 4,250
(2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-1-03742-3 · Cited by 1,335
Sleep and synaptic homeostasis: a hypothesis
Tononi, G., & Cirelli, C. (2003) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2003.09.004 · Cited by 1,217
Odor cues during slow-wave sleep prompt declarative memory consolidation
Rasch, B., Büchel, C., Gais, S., & Born, J. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1138581 · Cited by 1,181
Sleep, learning, and dreams: off-line memory reprocessing
Stickgold, R., Hobson, J. A., Fosse, R., & Fosse, M. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1063530 · Cited by 762
Born, J., Rasch, B., & Gais, S. (2006) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858406292647 · Cited by 557
Paller, K. A. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008045046-9.00770-1 · Cited by 26
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 531
Enhancement of Declarative Memory: From Genetic Regulation to Non-invasive Stimulation
Bryzgalov, D. V., Kuznetsova, I. L., & Rogaev, E. I. (2018) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297918090146 · Cited by 3
Gilson, M., Nitsche, M. A., & Peigneux, P. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11081104 · Cited by 2
Jin, R., Xia, T., Gawronski, B., & Hu, X. (2022) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/19485506211067673 · Cited by 2
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.008 · Cited by 2
Schlaf, Lernen und Gedächtnis: Relevanz für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
Göder, R., Nissen, C., & Rasch, B. (2014) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-013-3894-5 · Cited by 2
The influence of prior knowledge on memory consolidation
Reid, A. M. (2013) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 2
Lichtor, J. L. (2010) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e3181d692e3 · Cited by 2
Dream Marketing: A Method for Marketing Communication During Sleep and DreamsPreprint
Cerf, M. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4353051 · Cited by 2
Characteristics and neuronal correlates of superior memory performance
Konrad, B. N. (2014) · Electronic Theses of LMU Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) · doi:10.5282/edoc.16636 · Cited by 3
Targeted memory reactivation elicits temporally compressed reactivation linked to spindles
Abdellahi, M. E. A., Rakowska, M., Treder, M. S., & Lewis, P. A. (2026) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1101/2024.09.12.612625 · Cited by 4
Reactivation fails to offer the improvement sleep does
Barsky, M. M., Morgan, A., & Stickgold, R. (2025) · SLEEP Advances · doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf035 · Cited by 1
Epilepsy in the rhythm of the night and in the cycle of sleep. English version
Voges, B. R. (2025) · Clinical Epileptology · doi:10.1007/s10309-025-00766-0 · Cited by 1
Shin, G.-H., Kweon, Y.-S., Oh, S., & Lee, S. (2025) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-025-00340-3 · Cited by 3
The effects of targeted reactivation on memories cued once or multiple times during a nap
Cho, M., Murugavel, S., Thiha, A. S., & Schechtman, E. (2025) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109275 · Cited by 2
A neural state space for episodic memories
Horner, A. J. (2025) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2025.10.009 · Cited by 3
Odor‐Cued Targeted Reactivation Was Unable to Selectively Benefit Declarative Memories During Sleep
Narayan, G., Babineaux, G., Cho, M., Murugavel, S., Lu, T., Lew, N., Argueta, S. A., & Schechtman, E. (2026) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.70281 · Cited by 1
Bendor, D. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1245966 · Cited by 1
Han, F. (2017) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/n972017-00801 · Cited by 1
The Tools of Cognitive Neuroscience
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.003 · Cited by 1
Effets d’espacement et de répétition en contexte scolaire
Riopel, M., & McMullin, S. O. (2021) · Neuroeducation · doi:10.24046/neuroed.20210701.13 · Cited by 1
Onuki, Y., Lakbila‐Kamal, O., Scheffer, B., Someren, E. J. W. V., & van der Werf, Y. D. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1512-21.2022 · Cited by 1
Improving memory for unusual events with wakeful reactivation
Glicksohn, A., Shams, L. B., & Seitz, A. R. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1092408 · Cited by 1
Zhao, Y., & Kuhl, B. A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190917982.013.37 · Cited by 2
Epilepsie im Rhythmus der Nacht und im Zyklus des Schlafs
Voges, B. R. (2024) · Clinical Epileptology · doi:10.1007/s10309-024-00716-2 · Cited by 1
Mar’i, J., Zhang, R. S., Mircic, S., Serbe-Kamp, E., Meier, M., Leonhardt, A., Drews, M. S., Grosso, N. A. D., Antony, J. W., Norman, K. A., et al. (2024) · AJP Advances in Physiology Education · doi:10.1152/advan.00056.2024 · Cited by 1
Klaassen, A.-L., & Rasch, B. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.90930.3 · Cited by 1
Memory reactivation during rest forms shortcuts in a cognitive map
Shearer, C. M., Rawson, A. B., Barron, H. C., & O’Reilly, J. X. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-06742-y · Cited by 2
Incorporation of complex narratives into dreaming
Palmieri, J., Kumral, D., Wymer, S.-J., Kirchner, S., Schneider, M., Gais, S., & Schönauer, M. (2025) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaf280 · Cited by 1
Schlafbezogene Interventionen zur Augmentation von Psychotherapie
Landmann, N., Kühn, M., & Nissen, C. (2016) · Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin · doi:10.1007/s11818-015-0038-0 · Cited by 1
Sedation; Is it Sleep, Is it Amnesia, What’s the Difference?
Veselis, R. A., & Arslan‐Carlon, V. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58406-1_14 · Cited by 1
Scullin, M. K. (2011) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · doi:10.7936/k74t6gg3 · Cited by 1
Nightmare disorder in light of neuropsychological and polysomnographic investigations
Simor, P. (2013) · Cited by 1
Exploring the mechanisms and specificity of emotional memory consolidation over sleep
Cairney, S. A. (2012) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · Cited by 1
Pilly, P. K., Skorheim, S. W., Hubbard, R. J., Ketz, N. A., Roach, S. M., Jones, A. P., Robert, B., Bryant, N. B., Lerner, I., Hartholt, A., et al. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/672378 · Cited by 1
Heller, H. C. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822963-7.00111-0 · Cited by 1
Rakowska, M., Lazari, A., Cercignani, M., Bagrowska, P., Johansen‐Berg, H., & Lewis, P. A. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.04.28.489844 · Cited by 1
Reap while you sleep: consolidation of memories differs by how they were sownPreprint
Antony, J. W., & Schechtman, E. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/u48fp · Cited by 1
Item-specific memory reactivation supports overnight memory consolidationPreprint
Liu, J., Xia, T., Chen, D., Yao, Z., Zhu, M., Antony, J. W., Lee, T. M. C., & Hu, X. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2544886/v1 · Cited by 1
Ortega, R. S., Simor, P., & Peigneux, P. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.05.08.539563 · Cited by 1
Nicolas, J., King, B. R., Levesque, D., Lazzouni, L., Wang, D., Grossman, N., Swinnen, S. P., Doyon, J., Carrier, J., & Albouy, G. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.01.16.575884 · Cited by 1
Mutreja, V., Gupta, P., Lungu, O., Lazzouni, L., Boutin, A., Gabitov, E., Sharp, M. E., Carrier, J., & Doyon, J. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.29.694712 · Cited by 1
Random auditory stimulation during sleep disturbs traveling slow waves and declarative memory
Roüast, N. M., Kumral, D., Gais, S., & Schönauer, M. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.116601
Age-Related Changes in Sleep-Dependent Consolidation of Visuo-Spatial Memory
Sonni, A. (2021) · PubMed · doi:10.7275/5686176
Sleep deprivation in rats: effects on learning and cognitive flexibility
Leenaars, C. H. C. (2013) · Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)
Effects of Sleep on Memory Consolidation and Automaticity in Word Learning
Tham, E. K. H. (2014) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Sleep-dependent consolidation in multiple memory systems
Schönauer, M. (2014) · Electronic Theses of LMU Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) · doi:10.5282/edoc.17905
Consequences Of Brief Periods Of Sleep Loss On Hippocampus-Dependent Memory And Synaptic Plasticity
Prince, T.-M. N. (2013) · ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)
Sedatives: Effects on Memory and Amnesia
Veselis, R. A. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1390-9_10
The role of sleep in the consolidation of rewarded and relational memory
Gaggioni, G. (2012) · ORBi (University of Liège)
Effects of Aging on Sleep-Dependent Consolidation of Declarative Memory
Baran, B. (2020) · ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/wnda-cm86
Biasing the content of hippocampal replay during sleep
Bender, D. A., & Wilson, M. A. (2012) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
Reinforcing Language Learning During Sleep
Schreiner, T., Lehmann, M., & Rasch, B. (2017) · Studies in neuroscience, psychology and behavioral economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45066-7_21
Csábi, E. (2016) · SZTE Repository of Dissertations (University of Szeged) · doi:10.14232/phd.2838
Stickgold, R. (2011) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2010.12.012
The Impact of Targeted Memory Reactivation on Memory Consolidation: A Review
邓, 翔. (2018) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2018.82025
Sleep, and its Relation to Non-Motor Deficits in Patients with Cerebellar Ataxia
Sonni, A. (2021) · Scholarworks (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/11238460.0
Does Sleep Play a Role in the Consolidation of Novelty- or Curiosity-Driven Memory Enhancement?
Stare, C. (2017) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
Do House-Elves Clean Your Brain While You Sleep?
Paller, K. A. (2018) · Frontiers for Young Minds · doi:10.3389/frym.2018.00023
Self-citationPerception et mémoire au cours du sommeil
Rauchs, G. (2018) · Revue de neuropsychologie · doi:10.1684/nrp.2018.0475
Cechy psychiczne człowieka a idee transhumanizmu
Płonka, B. K. (2017) · ETHICS IN PROGRESS · doi:10.14746/eip.2015.1.12
Improvements in the Recognition of Sounds after Presentation during Sleep
Ukraintseva, Y. V., Liaukovich, K. M., Sake, K. L., Polishchuk, A., & Martynova, O. (2019) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-019-00853-6
Improving sleep and cognition in young adults and the elderly
Cordi, M. J. (2014) · Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) · doi:10.5167/uzh-111343
Memory and Other Cognitive Processes
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.009
How event-based memories change as a function of forgetting and consolidation
Joensen, B. H. (2019) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Brain Timing Associated with Long-Term Memory
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.005
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.012
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.010
Sleep’s role in the reprocessing and restructuring of memory
Koopman, A. C. M. (2020) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)
Brain Regions Associated with Long-Term Memory
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.004
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.006
Stevenson, R., Janecek, J. T., Larson, M. S., Mnatsakanyan, L., Vadera, S., Lin, J. J., & Yassa, M. A. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-194736/v1
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.011
Reactivating Memories from a Mathematical Task over a Period of SleepPreprint
Bassard, A. M., & Paller, K. A. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.10.04.462011
Self-citationRole of NREM and REM Sleep in Visual Perceptual Learning
Tamaki, M. (2021) · Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology · doi:10.5674/jjppp.2108si
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.013
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.007
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.015
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.001
(2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.014
Deliens, G., & Peigneux, P. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-74892-9.00005-9
Perspectives on Neuroscience and Behavior
(2010) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858409360175
Updating Memories of Unwanted Emotions During Human SleepPreprint
Xia, T., Yao, Z., Guo, X., Liu, J., Chen, D., Liu, Q., Paller, K. A., & Hu, X. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4179775
Self-citationThe facilitation of learning and memory by sleep
Yamada, T., Watanabe, T., & Sasaki, Y. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822963-7.00293-0
Fine-Tuning the Methodology of Sleep and Memory Research From a Human Behavioral PerspectivePreprint
Németh, D., Gerbier, É., Jan Born, A., Rickard, T. C., Albouy, G., Diekelmann, S., Fogel, S. M., Genzel, L., Prehn‐Kristensen, A., Payne, J. D., et al. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0208.v3 · Cited by 1
Item-specific memory reactivation during sleep supports memory consolidation in humansPreprint
Liu, J., Xia, T., Chen, D., Yao, Z., Zhu, M., Antony, J. W., Lee, T. M. C., & Hu, X. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.01.25.525599
(2020) · Odile Jacob eBooks · doi:10.3917/oj.masso.2020.01.0239
Language processing in the newborn: Potential biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder
Sijin, L. I., Tingdong, W. A. N. G., Zhilin, P. E. N. G., & ZHANG, D. (2023) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2023.02295
Klaassen, A.-L., & Rasch, B. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.90930.1
Modulating social learning-induced evaluation updating during human sleepPreprint
Chen, D., Xia, T., Yao, Z., Zhang, L., & Hu, X. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.12.11.571114
Memory consolidation during rest forms shortcuts in a cognitive mapPreprint
Shearer, C. M., Rawson, A. B., Barron, H. C., & O’Reilly, J. X. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.01.22.576595
Schechtman, E., Stickgold, R., & Paller, K. A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820480-1.00126-1
Self-citationTemudo, A., & Albouy, G. (2024) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsae163 · Cited by 2
Memory reactivation and transformation
Ye, Z., & Kuhl, B. A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15754-7.00026-2 · Cited by 1
Klaassen, A.-L., & Rasch, B. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.90930.2
Klaassen, A.-L., & Rasch, B. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.90930.2.sa1
Klaassen, A.-L., & Rasch, B. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.90930.2.sa3
Klaassen, A.-L., & Rasch, B. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.90930.2.sa2
Music cue during slow wave sleep improves visuospatial memory consolidation
Fabbri, M., Occhionero, M., Tonetti, L., Costa, M., Giudetti, F., Rasch, B., & Natale, V. (2024) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14372 · Cited by 3
Torres-Platas, S. G., Yamazaki, E. M., Paller, K. A., Stickgold, R., & Schechtman, E. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15754-7.00077-8
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Rudoy, J. D., Voss, J. L., Westerberg, C. E., & Paller, K. A.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Paller, Ken A.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2009-11-20
- Volume
- 326
- Issue
- 5956
- Pages
- 1079-1079
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC2990343
- OpenAlex
- W2035272956
- Cited by
- 532
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 6.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (F31NS066725)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- memory consolidation, sleep, memory reactivation, auditory cues, spatial memory, memory retrieval, memory specificity, sleep-dependent memory
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Cues, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Mental Recall, Sleep, Sleep Stages, Sound, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review