Sleep to Remember
Abstract
Recently, compelling evidence has accumulated that links sleep to learning and memory. Sleep has been identified as a state that optimizes the consolidation of newly acquired information in memory. Consolidation is an active process that is presumed to rely on the covert reactivation and reorganization of newly encoded representations. Hippocampus-dependent memories benefit primarily from slow-wave sleep (SWS), whereas memories not depending on the hippocampus show greater gains over periods containing high amounts of rapid eye movement sleep. One way sleep does this is by establishing different patterns of neurotransmitters and neurohormone secretion between sleep stages. Another central role for consolidating memories is played by the slow oscillation, that is, the oscillating field potential change dominating SWS. The emergence of slow oscillations in neocortical networks depends on the prior use of these networks for encoding of information. Via efferent pathways, they synchronize the occurrence of sharp wave ripples accompanying memory reactivations in the hippocampus with thalamocortical spindle activity. Thus, hippocampal memories are fed back into neocortical networks at a time when these networks are depolarized and, because of concurrent spindle activity, can most sensitively react to these inputs with plastic changes underlying the formation of long-term memory representations.
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Studies using the night-half paradigm have provided substantial evidence for the dual processes hypothesis: hippocampus-dependent declarative memories preferentially profit from SWS, whereas nondeclarative aspects of memory (procedural, implicit, emotional) additionally profit from REM sleep.
“Overall, studies using the night-half paradigm have provided substantial evidence for the dual processes hypothesis, such as hippocampus-dependent declarative memories preferentially profiting from SWS, whereas nondeclarative aspects of memory, such as procedural, implicit, and emotional, additionally profiting from REM sleep (121, 428).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [121]
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Alfonsi, V., D'Atri, A., Scarpelli, S., Mangiaruga, A., & De Gennaro, L. (2019) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2018.12.001 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Sleep, cognition and cortisol in addison’s disease: a mechanistic relationship
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Schneider, N., Mutungi, G., & Cubero, J. (2018) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2016.1258446 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
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Labile sleep promotes awareness of abstract knowledge in a serial reaction time task.
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Comparison of sleep in hypothyroid patients with normal controls
Sivaprakasam, K., & Ramamoorthy, S. (2017) · National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.5455/njppp.2017.7.0203427062017 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Born, J., Rasch, B., & Gais, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Lübeck (DE)
- ORCID
- Rasch, Björn
- Venue
- The Neuroscientist
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2006-10
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 410-424
- ISSN
- 1073-8584 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-4098
- OpenAlex
- W2168645178
- Cited by
- 557
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 3.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Neuroscientist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- sleep-dependent memory consolidation, slow-wave sleep, REM sleep, hippocampal-dependent memory, slow oscillations, sharp-wave ripples, sleep spindles, thalamocortical oscillations, memory reactivation, long-term memory formation, neurotransmitter release
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Humans, Learning, Memory, Sleep
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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