The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Geodynamo, Solar Wind, and Magnetopause 3.4 to 3.45 Billion Years Ago
Abstract
Early Origin of Earth's Magnetic Field: Earth's magnetic field protects us from stellar winds and radiation from the Sun. Understanding when, during the Earth's formation, the large-scale magnetic field was established is important because it impacts understanding of the young Earth's atmosphere and exosphere. By analyzing ancient silicate crystals, Tarduno et al. (p. 1238 ; see the Perspective by Jardine ) demonstrate that the Earth's magnetic field existed 3.4 to 3.45 billion years ago, pushing back the oldest record of geomagnetic field strength by 200 million years. This result combined with estimates of the conditions within the solar wind at that time implies that the size of the paleomagnetosphere was about half of that typical today, but with an auroral oval of about three times the area. The smaller magnetosphere and larger auroral oval would have promoted loss of volatiles and water from the early atmosphere.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Subcommission on geochronology: Convention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronology
Steiger, R. H., & Jäger, E. (1977) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/0012-821x(77)90060-7 · Cited by 9,994
Fisher, R. (1953) · Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspa.1953.0064 · Cited by 5,563
The Composition of Zircon and Igneous and Metamorphic Petrogenesis
Hoskin, P. W. O. (2003) · Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry · doi:10.2113/0530027 · Cited by 4,781
Hysteresis properties of titanomagnetites: Grain-size and compositional dependence
Day, R., Fuller, M., & Schmidt, V. A. (1977) · Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors · doi:10.1016/0031-9201(77)90108-x · Cited by 2,881
Dunlop, D. J. (2002) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth · doi:10.1029/2001jb000486 · Cited by 1,354
Improved Age Estimation for Solar‐Type Dwarfs Using Activity‐Rotation Diagnostics
Mamajek, E. E., & Hillenbrand, L. A. (2008) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/591785 · Cited by 1,313
Self-citationA crystallizing dense magma ocean at the base of the Earth’s mantle
Labrosse, S., Hernlund, J. W., & Coltice, N. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06355 · Cited by 879
Coe, R. S., Grommé, S., & Mankinen, E. A. (1978) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth · doi:10.1029/jb083ib04p01740 · Cited by 774
Measured Mass‐Loss Rates of Solar‐like Stars as a Function of Age and Activity
Wood, B. E., Muller, H., Zank, G. P., & Linsky, J. L. (2002) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/340797 · Cited by 405
COE, R. S. (1967) · Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity · doi:10.5636/jgg.19.157 · Cited by 388
Cited by
Feulner, G. (2012) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1029/2011rg000375 · Cited by 338
de Koker, N., Steinle-Neumann, G., & Vlček, V. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1111841109 · Cited by 317
A Hadean to Paleoarchean geodynamo recorded by single zircon crystals
Tarduno, J. A., Cottrell, R. D., Davis, W. J., Nimmo, F., & Bono, R. K. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa9114 · Cited by 269
Self-citationProcesses on the young earth and the habitats of early life
Arndt, N. T., & Nisbet, E. G. (2012) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105316 · Cited by 262
Aeronomical evidence for higher CO2 levels during Earth's Hadean epoch
Lichtenegger, H. I. M., Lammer, H., Grießmeier, J.-M., Kulikov, Y. N., von Paris, P., Hausleitner, W., Krauss, S., & Rauer, H. (2010) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.06.042 · Cited by 109
Metadata
- Authors
- Tarduno, J. A., Cottrell, R. D., Watkeys, M. K., Hofmann, A., Doubrovine, P. V., Mamajek, E. E., Liu, D., Sibeck, D. G., Neukirch, L. P., & Usui, Y.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2010-03-05
- Volume
- 327
- Issue
- 5970
- Pages
- 1238-1240
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2012363050
- Cited by
- 324
- References
- 46
- FWCI
- 6.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Geodynamo, Solar Wind, and Magnetopause 3.4 to 3.45 Billion Years Ago. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1183445
- The paper
- Tarduno, J. A., Cottrell, R. D., Watkeys, M. K., Hofmann, A., Doubrovine, P. V., Mamajek, E. E., Liu, D., Sibeck, D. G., Neukirch, L. P., & Usui, Y. (2010). Geodynamo, Solar Wind, and Magnetopause 3.4 to 3.45 Billion Years Ago. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183445
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
