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Synthetic Genetic Polymers Capable of Heredity and Evolution
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Unnatural Bases: The genetic basis of all life on the planet is comprised of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with four nitrogenous nucleotide bases, abbreviated to A, G, C, and T. But there are variations on this theme, and Pinheiro et al. (p. 341 ; see the Perspective by Joyce ) describe the directed evolution of unnatural nucleic acid–like genetic polymers. Variant enzymes were developed that efficiently transcribed DNA to anhydrohexitol (HNA), cyclohexenyl (CeNA), locked (LNA), and threofuranosyl (TNA) nuceic acid analogs. Further variant enzymes were developed to reverse-transcribe these analogs back to DNA. Thus, man-made nucleic acid analogs can be designed and selected that have the potential to operate in a way analogous to the natural process of heredity and evolution.
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“several alternative backbones have been subjected to in vitro evolution, resulting in functional nucleic acids [41,45].”
From The RNA world as a model system to study the origin of life (2015) · cites this paper as [45]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Pinheiro, V. B., Taylor, A. I., Cozens, C., Abramov, M., Renders, M., Zhang, S., Chaput, J. C., Wengel, J., Peak-Chew, S.-Y., McLaughlin, S. H., Herdewijn, P., & Holliger, P.
- Affiliations
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (GB)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Arizona State University (US)
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
- Corresponding author
- Holliger, Philipp
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2012-04-20
- Volume
- 336
- Issue
- 6079
- Pages
- 341-344
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC3362463
- OpenAlex
- W2045974535
- Cited by
- 730
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 34.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/I004793/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Keywords
- XNA, genetic information storage, heredity (biology), Darwinian evolution, nucleic acid folding, origin of life, information storage
- MeSH terms
- DNA, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase, Nucleic Acids, Polymers, RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase, RNA, Templates, Genetic, Transcription, Genetic, Molecular Mimicry, Directed Molecular Evolution, Evolution, Molecular, Reverse Transcription, Aptamers, Nucleotide
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