Cited by 656Astro and Planetary SciencePlanetary Science and ExplorationHistory and Developments in Astronomy

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Forming a Moon with an Earth-like Composition via a Giant Impact

Open access

Canup, Robin M.·2012·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.1226073PMC PMC6476314

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Forming the Moon from Earth It is thought that the Moon formed after a Mars-sized planet hit Earth about 4.5 billion years ago. Computer simulations of this event predict that the Moon was produced primarily from material from the impacting planet. However, the Moon has a similar composition to that of Earth, and the impacting planet would likely have had a different composition. Prior models assumed that the impact left the Earth-Moon system with the same angular momentum as it has today (see the Perspective by Halliday ). Ćuk and Stewart (p. 1047 , published online 17 October; see the cover) show that the angular momentum of the Earth-Moon system could have decreased by half after the Moon-forming impact, opening the door to new impact models. For example, simulations suggest that high-velocity impacts onto a fast-spinning early Earth can lead to a Moon formed primarily from Earth's mantle. Canup (p. 1052 , published online 17 October) considered instead lower-velocity impacts by planets comparable in mass to the proto-Earth, which could generate a Moon and an Earth with similar compositions.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.1226073

Cites

30 of 30 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth's formation
Canup, R. M., & Asphaug, E. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35089010 · Cited by 1,094
Making the Moon from a Fast-Spinning Earth: A Giant Impact Followed by Resonant Despinning
Ćuk, M., & Stewart, S. T. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1225542 · Cited by 680
Simulations of a late lunar-forming impact
Canup, R. M. (2004) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2003.09.028 · Cited by 669
The origin of the Moon and the single-impact hypothesis III
Benz, W., Cameron, A. G. W., & Melosh, H. J. (1989) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/0019-1035(89)90129-2 · Cited by 645
Early solar system timescales according to 53Mn-53Cr systematics
Lugmair, G. W., & Shukolyukov, A. (1998) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(98)00189-6 · Cited by 583
Origin of Nucleosynthetic Isotope Heterogeneity in the Solar Protoplanetary Disk
Trinquier, A., Elliott, T. R., Ulfbeck, D., Coath, C. D., Krot, A. N., & Bizzarro, M. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1168221 · Cited by 570
Making More Terrestrial Planets
Chambers, J. (2001) · Icarus · doi:10.1006/icar.2001.6639 · Cited by 557
Terrestrial planet formation with strong dynamical friction
OBRIEN, D., MORBIDELLI, A., & LEVISON, H. (2006) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.04.005 · Cited by 467
Late formation and prolonged differentiation of the Moon inferred from W isotopes in lunar metals
Touboul, M., Kleine, T., Bourdon, B., Palme, H., & Wieler, R. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06428 · Cited by 466
Oxygen Isotopes and the Moon-Forming Giant Impact
Wiechert, U., Halliday, A. N., Lee, D., Snyder, G. A., Taylor, L. A., & Rumble, D., III (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1063037 · Cited by 459

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 30 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

J. A. Wood in Origin of the Moon W. K. Hartmann R. J. Phillips G. J. Taylor Eds. (LPI Houston 1984) pp. 17–55.

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 654

Terrestrial aftermath of the Moon-forming impact
Sleep, N. H., Zahnle, K. J., & Lupu, R. (2014) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2013.0172 · Cited by 73
The giant impact hypothesis: past, present (and future?)
HARTMANN, W. K. (2014) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2013.0249 · Cited by 71
182W and HSE constraints from 2.7 Ga komatiites on the heterogeneous nature of the Archean mantle
Puchtel, I. S., Janne Blichert-toft, B., Touboul, M., & Walker, R. J. (2018) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2018.02.030 · Cited by 71
The fate of nitrogen during core-mantle separation on Earth
Grewal, D. S., Dasgupta, R., Holmes, A. K., Costin, G., Li, Y., & Tsuno, K. (2019) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2019.02.009 · Cited by 73
Dynamical and collisional constraints on a stochastic late veneer on the terrestrial planets
Raymond, S. N., Schlichting, H. E., Hersant, F., & Selsis, F. (2013) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2013.06.019 · Cited by 74
Comparative Climatology of Terrestrial Planets
Mackwell, S., Simon-miller, A., Harder, J., & Bullock, M. (2013) · University of Arizona Press eBooks · doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816530595 · Cited by 100
Chemical stratification in the post-magma ocean Earth inferred from coupled 146,147Sm–142,143Nd systematics in ultramafic rocks of the Saglek block (3.25–3.9 Ga; northern Labrador, Canada)
Morino, P., Caro, G., Reisberg, L. C., & Schumacher, A. (2017) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2017.01.044 · Cited by 69
Nebular atmosphere to magma ocean: A model for volatile capture during Earth accretion
Olson, P. L., & Sharp, Z. D. (2019) · Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors · doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2019.106294 · Cited by 67
Constraining the early evolution of Venus and Earth through atmospheric Ar, Ne isotope and bulk K/U ratios
Lammer, H., Leitzinger, M., Scherf, M., Odert, P., Burger, C., Kubyshkina, D. I., Johnstone, C. P., Maindl, T. I., Schäfer, C. M., Güdel, M., et al. (2019) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113551 · Cited by 75
The accretion of planet Earth
Halliday, A. N., & Canup, R. M. (2022) · Nature Reviews Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43017-022-00370-0 · Cited by 79
High-temperature miscibility of iron and rock during terrestrial planet formation
Wahl, S. M., & Militzer, B. (2014) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.11.014 · Cited by 67
Understanding the origin and evolution of water in the Moon through lunar sample studies
Anand, M., Tartèse, R., & Barnes, J. (2014) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2013.0254 · Cited by 67
Mass dependent fractionation of stable chromium isotopes in mare basalts: Implications for the formation and the differentiation of the Moon
Bonnand, P., Parkinson, I. J., & Anand, M. (2015) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.11.041 · Cited by 67
Origin of the Moon
Canup, R. M., Righter, K., Dauphas, N., Pahlevan, K., Ćuk, M., Lock, S. J., Stewart, S. T., Salmon, J. J., Rufu, R., Nakajima, M., et al. (2023) · Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry · doi:10.2138/rmg.2023.89.02 · Cited by 64
Reconstructing the late-accretion history of the Moon
Zhu, M., Artemieva, N. A., Morbidelli, A., Yin, Q., Becker, H., & Wünnemann, K. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1359-0 · Cited by 65
On the origin and composition of Theia: Constraints from new models of the Giant Impact
MEIER, M. M. M., Reufer, A., & WIELER, R. (2014) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.003 · Cited by 63
The Role of Early Giant-planet Instability in Terrestrial Planet Formation
Nesvorný, D., Roig, F. V., & Deienno, R. (2021) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abc8ef · Cited by 68
The effect of core segregation on the Cu and Zn isotope composition of the silicate Moon
Xia, Y., Kiseeva, E. S., Wade, J., & Huang, F. (2019) · Geochemical Perspectives Letters · doi:10.7185/geochemlet.1928 · Cited by 63
Solar System Physics for Exoplanet Research
Horner, J., Kane, S. R., Marshall, J. P., Dalba, P. A., Holt, T. R., Wood, J., Maynard-Casely, H. E., Wittenmyer, R., Lykawka, P. S., Hill, M., et al. (2020) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ab8eb9 · Cited by 72
Evolution of the protolunar disk: Dynamics, cooling timescale and implantation of volatiles onto the Earth
Charnoz, S., & Michaut, C. (2015) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.07.018 · Cited by 62
The effect of ilmenite viscosity on the dynamics and evolution of an overturned lunar cumulate mantle
Zhang, N., Dygert, N., Liang, Y., & Parmentier, E. M. (2017) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2017gl073702 · Cited by 61
Moon-forming impactor as a source of Earth’s basal mantle anomalies
Yuan, Q., Li, M., Desch, S. J., Ko, B., Deng, H., Garnero, E. J., Gabriel, T. S. J., Kegerreis, J., Miyazaki, Y., Eke, V. R., et al. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06589-1 · Cited by 64
Formation and evolution
Perryman, M. A. C. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511994852.011 · Cited by 71
Are the Moon's Nearside‐Farside Asymmetries the Result of a Giant Impact?
Zhu, M., Wünnemann, K., Potter, R. W. K., Kleine, T., & Morbidelli, A. (2019) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2018je005826 · Cited by 59
Late-stage magmatic outgassing from a volatile-depleted Moon
Day, J. M. D., Moynier, F., & Shearer, C. K. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1708236114 · Cited by 59
Coupling SPH and thermochemical models of planets: Methodology and example of a Mars-sized body
Golabek, G., Emsenhuber, A., Jutzi, M., Asphaug, E. I., & Gerya, T. (2017) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.10.003 · Cited by 58
Lunar-forming impacts: processes and alternatives
Canup, R. M. (2014) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2013.0175 · Cited by 58
Redox control of the fractionation of niobium and tantalum during planetary accretion and core formation
Cartier, C., Hammouda, T., Boyet, M., Bouhifd, M. A., & Devidal, J. (2014) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo2195 · Cited by 57
New approaches to the Moon's isotopic crisis
Melosh, H. J. (2014) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2013.0168 · Cited by 57
The shock physics of giant impacts: Key requirements for the equations of state
Stewart, S., Davies, E., Duncan, M., Lock, S. J., Root, S., Townsend, J., Kraus, R., Caracas, R., & Jacobsen, S. (2020) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/12.0000946 · Cited by 56
Longevity of moons around habitable planets
Sasaki, T., & Barnes, J. W. (2014) · International Journal of Astrobiology · doi:10.1017/s1473550414000184 · Cited by 55
Geochemical and Planetary Dynamical Views on the Origin of Earth's Atmosphere and Oceans
Dauphas, N., & Morbidelli, A. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.01301-2 · Cited by 62
Chlorine isotopic compositions of apatite in Apollo 14 rocks: Evidence for widespread vapor-phase metasomatism on the lunar nearside ∼4 billion years ago
Potts, N. J., Barnes, J., Tartèse, R., Franchi, I. A., & Anand, M. (2018) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2018.03.022 · Cited by 54
Lava worlds: From early earth to exoplanets
Chao, K., deGraffenried, R., Lach, M., Nelson, W., Truax, K., & Gaidos, E. J. (2021) · Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.chemer.2020.125735 · Cited by 55
Hadean Earth
Harrison, T. M. (2020) · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46687-9 · Cited by 53
Effect of a single large impact on the coupled atmosphere-interior evolution of Venus
Gillmann, C., Golabek, G., & Tackley, P. J. (2015) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.12.024 · Cited by 48
Numerical aspects of giant impact simulations
Reinhardt, C., & Stadel, J. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx322 · Cited by 53
Silicate Melting and Vaporization During Rocky Planet Formation
Davies, E. J., Carter, P. J., Root, S., Kraus, R. G., Spaulding, D. K., Stewart, S. T., & Jacobsen, S. B. (2020) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2019je006227 · Cited by 58
Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Northwest Africa 10401: A New Type of the Mg‐Suite Rocks
Groß, J., Hilton, A. E., Prissel, T. C., Setera, J., Korotev, R. L., & Calzada‐Diaz, A. (2020) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2019je006225 · Cited by 52
From microjoules to megajoules and kilobars to gigabars: Probing matter at extreme states of deformation
Remington, B. A., Rudd, R. E., & Wark, J. S. (2015) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/1.4930134 · Cited by 51
Impact-induced melting during accretion of the Earth
de Vries, J., Nimmo, F., Melosh, H. J., Jacobson, S. A., Morbidelli, A., & Rubie, D. C. (2016) · Progress in Earth and Planetary Science · doi:10.1186/s40645-016-0083-8 · Cited by 56
Zirconium isotope constraints on the composition of Theia and current Moon-forming theories
Akram, W., & Schönbächler, M. (2016) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.05.022 · Cited by 51
Origin and Evolution of Water in the Moon's Interior
Hauri, E. H., Saal, A. E., Nakajima, M., Anand, M., Rutherford, M. J., Orman, J. A. V., & Voyer, M. L. (2017) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-063016-020239 · Cited by 50
SPH calculations of Mars-scale collisions: The role of the equation of state, material rheologies, and numerical effects
Emsenhuber, A., Jutzi, M., & Benz, W. (2017) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.09.017 · Cited by 50
Survival of Exomoons Around Exoplanets
Dobos, V., Charnoz, S., Pál, A., Roque-Bernard, A., & Szabó, G. (2021) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1088/1538-3873/abfe04 · Cited by 23
The komatiite testimony to ancient mantle heterogeneity
Puchtel, I. S., Janne Blichert-toft, B., Horan, M. F., Touboul, M., & Walker, R. J. (2022) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.120776 · Cited by 46
Magma Ocean, Water, and the Early Atmosphere of Venus
Salvador, A., Avice, G., Breuer, D., Gillmann, C., Lammer, H., Marcq, E., Raymond, S. N., Sakuraba, H., Scherf, M., & Way, M. J. (2023) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-023-00995-7 · Cited by 55
The Extent, Nature, and Origin of K and Rb Depletions and Isotopic Fractionations in Earth, the Moon, and Other Planetary Bodies
Dauphas, N., Nie, N. X., Blanchard, M., Zhang, Z. J., Zeng, H., Hu, J. Y., Méheut, M., Visscher, C., Canup, R. M., & Hopp, T. (2022) · The Planetary Science Journal · doi:10.3847/psj/ac2e09 · Cited by 47
The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna: mission studies and science case
Ajith, P., Amaro‐Seoane, P., Sedda, M. A., Arcodia, R., Badaracco, F., Banerjee, B., Belgacem, E., Benetti, G., Benetti, S., Bobrick, A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/108 · Cited by 60
The earliest Lunar Magma Ocean differentiation recorded in Fe isotopes
Wang, K., Jacobsen, S. B., Sedaghatpour, F., Chen, H., & Korotev, R. L. (2015) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2015.08.019 · Cited by 47
Coupled orbital-thermal evolution of the early Earth-Moon system with a fast-spinning Earth
Tian, Z., Wisdom, J., & Elkins-Tanton, L. T. (2016) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2016.08.030 · Cited by 47
Oxygen Isotopes and Sampling of the Solar System
Ireland, T. R., Ávila, J. N., Greenwood, R. C., Hicks, L. J., & Bridges, J. C. (2020) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-020-0645-3 · Cited by 50
The oxidation state and mass of the Moon-forming impactor
Wade, J., & Wood, B. J. (2016) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.053 · Cited by 46
The Principal Hugoniot of Forsterite to 950 GPa
Root, S., Townsend, J., Davies, E. J., Lemke, R. W., Bliss, D. E., Fratanduono, D. E., Kraus, R. G., Millot, M., Spaulding, D. K., Shulenburger, L., et al. (2018) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2017gl076931 · Cited by 45
Observational Constraint on the Radius and Oblateness of the Lunar Core‐Mantle Boundary
Viswanathan, V., Rambaux, N., Fienga, A., Laskar, J., & Gastineau, M. (2019) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2019gl082677 · Cited by 45
Meteorite Mineralogy
Rubin, A. E., & Ma, C. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108613767 · Cited by 46
Late Accretion and the Late Veneer
Morbidelli, A., & Wood, B. J. (2015) · Geophysical monograph · doi:10.1002/9781118860359.ch4 · Cited by 47
Redox dependent behaviour of molybdenum during magmatic processes in the terrestrial and lunar mantle: Implications for the Mo/W of the bulk silicate Moon
Leitzke, F. P., Fonseca, R. O. C., Sprung, P., Mallmann, G., Lagos, M., Michely, L. T., & Münker, C. (2017) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2017.07.009 · Cited by 43
Hadean geodynamics inferred from time-varying 142Nd/144Nd in the early Earth rock record
Saji, N. S., Larsen, K. K., Wielandt, D., Schiller, M., Costa, M. M., Whitehouse, M. J., Rosing, M. T., & Bizzarro, M. (2018) · Geochemical Perspectives Letters · doi:10.7185/geochemlet.1818 · Cited by 44
The Energy Budgets of Giant Impacts
Carter, P. J., Lock, S. J., & Stewart, S. T. (2019) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2019je006042 · Cited by 43
Atmospheric Erosion by Giant Impacts onto Terrestrial Planets: A Scaling Law for any Speed, Angle, Mass, and Density
Kegerreis, J. A., Eke, V. R., Catling, D. C., Massey, R. J., Teodoro, L. F. A., & Zahnle, K. J. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abb5fb · Cited by 43
Solar System Physics for Exoplanet Research
Horner, J., Kane, S. R., Marshall, J. P., Dalba, P. A., Holt, T. R., Wood, J., Maynard-Casely, H. E., Wittenmyer, R. A., Lykawka, P. S., Hill, M. L., et al. (2020) · Cited by 42
Early Differentiation and Core Formation
Nimmo, F., & Kleine, T. (2015) · Geophysical monograph · doi:10.1002/9781118860359.ch5 · Cited by 45
Early bombardment of the moon: Connecting the lunar crater record to the terrestrial planet formation
Nesvorný, D., Roig, F., Vokrouhlický, D., Bottke, W. F., Marchi, S., Morbidelli, A., & Deienno, R. (2023) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115545 · Cited by 47
The Elusive Origin of Mercury
EBEL, D. S., & Stewart, S. T. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316650684.019 · Cited by 52
Tidal Evolution of the Evection Resonance/Quasi‐Resonance and the Angular Momentum of the Earth‐Moon System
Rufu, R., & Canup, R. M. (2020) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2019je006312 · Cited by 41
Insights into magma ocean dynamics from the transport properties of basaltic melt
Bajgain, S. K., Ashley, A. W., Mookherjee, M., Ghosh, D. B., & Karki, B. B. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-35171-y · Cited by 40
Magmatic Evolution I: Initial Differentiation of the Moon
Gaffney, A. M., Groß, J., BORG, L. E., Hanna, K. L. D., Draper, D. S., Dygert, N., Elkins-Tanton, L. T., Prissel, K. B., Prissel, T. C., Steenstra, E. S., et al. (2023) · Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry · doi:10.2138/rmg.2023.89.03 · Cited by 40
The Origin of the Natural Satellites
Peale, S. J., & Canup, R. M. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53802-4.00177-9 · Cited by 42
The chlorine isotopic composition of the Moon: Insights from melt inclusions
Stephant, A., Anand, M., Zhao, X., Chan, Q. H. S., Bonifacie, M., & Franchi, I. A. (2019) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115715 · Cited by 39
Insights into Planet Formation from Debris Disks
Wyatt, M. C., & Jackson, A. P. (2016) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-016-0248-1 · Cited by 40
Collisionless encounters and the origin of the lunar inclination
Pahlevan, K., & Morbidelli, A. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16137 · Cited by 40
Immediate Origin of the Moon as a Post-impact Satellite
Kegerreis, J., Ruiz-Bonilla, S., Eke, V. R., Massey, R. J., Sandnes, T. D., & Teodoro, L. F. A. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac8d96 · Cited by 37
Accretion and differentiation of early planetary bodies as recorded in the composition of the silicate Earth
Mezger, K., Maltese, A., & Vollstaedt, H. (2021) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114497 · Cited by 38
Reduced Atmospheres of Post-impact Worlds: The Early Earth
Itcovitz, J., Rae, A. S. P., Citron, R., Stewart, S. T., Sinclair, C. A., Rimmer, P. B., & Shorttle, O. (2022) · The Planetary Science Journal · doi:10.3847/psj/ac67a9 · Cited by 45
Phase equilibria of a low S and C lunar core: Implications for an early lunar dynamo and physical state of the current core
Kevin Righter, B., Go, B. M., Pando, K. A., Danielson, L. R., Ross, D. K., Rahman, Z., & Keller, L. P. (2017) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2017.02.003 · Cited by 37
Implications of Tides for Life on Exoplanets
Lingam, M., & Loeb, A. (2018) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1718 · Cited by 38
A possible high-temperature origin of the Moon and its geochemical consequences
Steenstra, E. S., Berndt, J., Klemme, S., Fei, Y., & van Westrenen, W. (2020) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116222 · Cited by 37
The origin of the Moon’s Earth-like tungsten isotopic composition from dynamical and geochemical modeling
Fischer, R. A., Zube, N. G., & Nimmo, F. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20266-1 · Cited by 36
Lunar Meteorites
Joy, K. H., Groß, J., Korotev, R. L., Zeigler, R. A., Mccubbin, F. M., Snape, J. F., Curran, N. M., Pernet‐Fisher, J. F., & Arai, T. (2023) · Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry · doi:10.2138/rmg.2023.89.12 · Cited by 36
Forming the Moon from terrestrial silicate-rich material
de Meijer, R. J., Anisichkin, V. F., & van Westrenen, W. (2013) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.12.015 · Cited by 36
The Fundamental Connections between the Solar System and Exoplanetary Science
Kane, S. R., Arney, G., Byrne, P. K., Dalba, P. A., Desch, S. J., Horner, J., Izenberg, N. R., Mandt, K. E., Meadows, V. S., & Quick, L. C. (2021) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2020je006643 · Cited by 41
Primordial Helium‐3 Exchange Between Earth's Core and Mantle
Olson, P. L., & Sharp, Z. D. (2022) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2021gc009985 · Cited by 40
The Atmospheres of the Terrestrial Planets: Clues to the Origins and Early Evolution of Venus, Earth, and Mars
Baines, K. H., Atreya, S. K., Bullock, M. A., Grinspoon, D. H., Mahaffy, P., Russell, C. T., Schubert, G., & Zahnle, K. J. (2013) · University of Arizona Press eBooks · doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816530595-ch006 · Cited by 37
On the Jacobi capture origin of binaries with applications to the Earth-Moon system and black holes in galactic nuclei
Boekholt, T., Rowan, C., & Kocsis, B. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3495 · Cited by 35
Garnet stability in the deep lunar mantle: Constraints on the physics and chemistry of the interior of the Moon
Jing, J.-J., Lin, Y., Knibbe, J. S., & van Westrenen, W. (2022) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117491 · Cited by 35
The giant impact simulations with density independent smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Hosono, N., Saitoh, T. R., Makino, J., Genda, H., & Ida, S. (2016) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2016.01.036 · Cited by 35
Investigation of newly discovered lobate scarps: Implications for the tectonic and thermal evolution of the Moon
Clark, J. D., Hurtado, J. M., Hiesinger, H., van der Bogert, C. H., & Bernhardt, H. (2017) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.08.017 · Cited by 35
Venus: A Thick Basal Magma Ocean May Exist Today
O'Rourke, J. G. (2020) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2019gl086126 · Cited by 34
Embryo Formation with GPU Acceleration: Reevaluating the Initial Conditions for Terrestrial Accretion
Clement, M. S., Kaib, N. A., & Chambers, J. (2020) · The Planetary Science Journal · doi:10.3847/psj/ab91aa · Cited by 37
Fractional Melting and Freezing in the Deep Mantle and Implications for the Formation of a Basal Magma Ocean
Labrosse, S., Hernlund, J. W., & Hirose, K. (2015) · Geophysical monograph · doi:10.1002/9781118860359.ch7 · Cited by 33
On the chronology of lunar origin and evolution
Geiss, J., & Rossi, A. P. (2013) · The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review · doi:10.1007/s00159-013-0068-1 · Cited by 34
The lunar core can be a major reservoir for volatile elements S, Se, Te and Sb
Steenstra, E. S., Lin, Y., Dankers, D., Rai, N., Berndt, J., Матвеев, С. В., & van Westrenen, W. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15203-0 · Cited by 33
Enhanced Mixing in Giant Impact Simulations with a New Lagrangian Method
Deng, H., Reinhardt, C., Benitez, F., Mayer, L., Stadel, J., & Barr, A. C. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaf399 · Cited by 34
Jupiter: Cosmic Jekyll and Hyde
Grazier, K. R. (2015) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1321 · Cited by 31
PURSUING THE PLANET–DEBRIS DISK CONNECTION: ANALYSIS OF UPPER LIMITS FROM THE ANGLO-AUSTRALIAN PLANET SEARCH
Wittenmyer, R. A., & Marshall, J. P. (2015) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/149/2/86 · Cited by 31
The nature of the giant exomoon candidate Kepler-1625 b-i
Heller, R. (2017) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731760 · Cited by 35
Constraints on the pre-impact orbits of Solar system giant impactors
Jackson, A. P., Gabriel, T. S. J., & Asphaug, E. I. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2901 · Cited by 29
Rayleigh–Taylor instability in impact cratering experiments
Lherm, V., Deguen, R., Alboussière, T., & Landeau, M. (2022) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/jfm.2022.111 · Cited by 32
Anatomy of rocky planets formed by rapid pebble accretion
Johansen, A., Ronnet, T., Schiller, M., Deng, Z., & Bizzarro, M. (2023) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142142 · Cited by 34

Authors: Canup, R. M.
Affiliations: Southwest Research Institute (US)
Corresponding author: Canup, Robin M.
ORCID: Canup, Robin M.
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2012-11-23
Volume: 338
Issue: 6110
Pages: 1052-1055
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.1226073
PMC: PMC6476314
OpenAlex: W2156821519
Cited by: 656
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 22.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX13AJ66G)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Planetary Science and Exploration
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › History and Developments in Astronomy
Keywords: Moon formation, giant impacts, Earth-Moon system, angular momentum, impact velocity, Earth's mantle, Moon composition, impact simulation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Forming a Moon with an Earth-like Composition via a Giant Impact

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks