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Authigenic Carbonate and the History of the Global Carbon Cycle

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Schrag, Daniel P., Higgins, John. A., Macdonald, Francis A., Johnston, David T.·2013·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.1229578

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Abstract

The Third Way: Because organic carbon contains a larger fraction of the light isotope 12 C than inorganic carbonate, variations in the carbon isotopic record of sedimentary rocks are thought to represent changes in the amount of organic carbon buried as sediments (and thus removed from the rest of the carbon cycle). Schrag et al. (p. 540 ; see the Perspective by Canfield and Kump ) suggest that historically a third component was important: authigenic carbonate. Authigenic carbonate is not produced in any appreciable quantity today, but was much more abundant when the level of atmospheric oxygen was low.

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Background
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BackgroundSelf-citation
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Result
The Neoproterozoic Hüttenberg δ13C anomaly: Genesis and global implications
Cui, H., Kaufman, A. J., Peng, Y., Liu, X., Plummer, R. E., & Lee, E. I. (2018) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2018.05.024 · Cited by 38
Microbial Alkalinity Production and Silicate Alteration in Methane Charged Marine Sediments: Implications for Porewater Chemistry and Diagenetic Carbonate Formation
Meister, P. H., Herda, G., Petrishcheva, E., Gier, S., Dickens, G. R., Bauer, C. H., & Liu, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Earth Science · doi:10.3389/feart.2021.756591 · Cited by 37
“Importantly, these carbonates add to the total worldwide carbon burial flux, and variations in their accumulation over time may have contributed to past changes in global carbon cycling, such as during times of widespread anoxia (Schrag et al., 2013; Sun and Turchyn, 2014).”
Background
Age, duration, and geochemical signatures of paleo-exposure events in Cenomanian–Santonian sequences (Sarvak and Ilam formations) in SW Iran: Insights from carbon and strontium isotopes chemostratigraphy
Mehrabi, H., Navidtalab, A., Enayati-Bidgoli, A., & Bagherpour, B. (2022) · Sedimentary Geology · doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2022.106136 · Cited by 37
Carbon isotope stratigraphy and correlation of depositional sequences in the Upper Ordovician Ely Springs Dolostone, eastern Great Basin, USA
Jones, D. S. J., Creel, R. C., & Rios, B. A. (2016) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.01.036 · Cited by 36
Authigenic origin for a massive negative carbon isotope excursion
Jiang, L., Planavsky, N. J., Zhao, M., Liu, W., & Wang, X. (2019) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g45709.1 · Cited by 36
“More recently, there has been a renewed interest in linking the markedly negative Neoproterozoic carbon isotope values to authigenic carbonate formation within the sediment pile (e.g., Schrag et al., 2013).”
Background
The lead-up to the Sturtian Snowball Earth: Neoproterozoic chemostratigraphy time-calibrated by the Tambien Group of Ethiopia
Park, Y., Swanson‐Hysell, N. L., MacLennan, S. A., Maloof, A. C., Gebreslassie, M., Tremblay, M. M., Schoene, B., Alene, M., Anttila, E. S. C., Tesema, T., et al. (2019) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b35178.1 · Cited by 36
Marine diagenesis of tephra aided the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum termination
Longman, J., Gernon, T., Palmer, M. R., Jones, M. T., Stokke, E. W., & Svensen, H. H. (2021) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117101 · Cited by 35
Tephra Deposition and Bonding With Reactive Oxides Enhances Burial of Organic Carbon in the Bering Sea
Longman, J., Gernon, T., Palmer, M. R., & Manners, H. (2021) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2021gb007140 · Cited by 35
“Authigenic carbonates (C auth ) formed as a result of this process may act as a carbon sink, preventing the methane from returning carbon to the ocean, and locking it into stable carbonate phases (Schrag et al., 2013).”
A late Ediacaran ice age: The key node in the Earth system evolution
Wang, R., Yin, Z., & Shen, B. (2023) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104610 · Cited by 38
Diagenetic alteration affecting δ18O, δ13C and 87Sr/86Sr signatures of carbonates: A case study on Cretaceous seep deposits from Yarlung-Zangbo Suture Zone, Tibet, China
Tong, H.-P., Wang, Q., Peckmann, J., Cao, Y.-C., Chen, L.-Y., Zhou, W.-D., & Chen, D.-F. (2016) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.10.003 · Cited by 32
Comparing Rhizon samplers and centrifugation for pore‐water separation in studies of the marine carbonate system in sediments
Steiner, Z., Lazar, B., Erez, J., & Turchyn, A. V. (2018) · Limnology and Oceanography Methods · doi:10.1002/lom3.10286 · Cited by 34
Hydrothermal metal supplies enhance the benthic methane filter in oceans: An example from the Okinawa Trough
Sun, Z., Wu, N., Cao, H., Xu, C., Liu, L., Yin, X., Zhang, X., Geng, W., & Zhang, X. (2019) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.07.025 · Cited by 34
Doushantuo-Pertatataka–type acanthomorphs and Ediacaran ecosystem stability
Grazhdankin, D. V., Nagovitsin, K. E., Golubkova, E. Y., Karlova, G. A., Kochnev, B. B., Rogov, V. I., & Marusin, V. V. (2020) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g47467.1 · Cited by 35
Global or regional? Constraining the origins of the middle Bambuí carbon cycle anomaly in Brazil
Cui, H., Warren, L. V., Uhlein, G. J., Okubo, J., Liu, X., Plummer, R. E., Baele, J., Goderis, S., Claeys, P., & Li, F. (2020) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105861 · Cited by 34
Microbes mediated comprehensive carbon sequestration for negative emissions in the ocean
Jiao, N., Liu, J., Jiao, F., Chen, Q., & Wang, X. (2020) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwaa171 · Cited by 34
Petrology, mineralogy and geochemical climofunctions of the Neoproterozoic Baltic paleosol
Liivamägi, S., Somelar, P., Vircava, I., Mahaney, W. C., Kirs, J., & Kirsimäe, K. (2014) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2014.11.008 · Cited by 34
Progressive formation of authigenic carbonate with depth in siliciclastic marine sediments including substantial formation in sediments experiencing methanogenesis
Loyd, S. J., & Smirnoff, M. N. (2022) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.120775 · Cited by 32
A diagenetic control on the Early Triassic Smithian–Spathian carbon isotopic excursions recorded in the marine settings of the Thaynes Group (Utah, USA)
Thomazo, C., Vennin, E., Brayard, A., Bour, I., Mathieu, O., Meknassi, S. E., Olivier, N., Escarguel, G., Bylund, K. G., Jenks, J. F., et al. (2016) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.12174 · Cited by 33
“These interpretations based on a direct link between the d13Ccarb signal and the seawater DIC can be challenged by early diagenetic reactions producing authigenic carbonates (Hayes & Waldbauer, 2006; Derry, 2010; Schrag et al., 2013).”
BackgroundInfluential
Bioturbation and directionality in Earth's carbon isotope record across the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian transition
Boyle, R. A., Dahl, T. W., Bjerrum, C. J., & Canfield, D. E. (2018) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.12277 · Cited by 33
“The previously hypothesized 13C-depleted authigenic carbonate burial flux, discussed in key papers (Higgins et al, 2009, Schrag et al, 2013) prompted serious debate (Canfield & Kump, 2013) as to whether the impact on carbonateC 13δ from the organic carbon burial flux, and by implication the…”
BackgroundInfluential
On carbon burial and net primary production through Earth's history
Planavsky, N. J., Fakhraee, M., Bolton, E. W., Reinhard, C. T., Isson, T. T., Zhang, S., & Mills, B. J. W. (2022) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/03.2022.01 · Cited by 32
Late Proterozoic Transitions in Climate, Oxygen, and Tectonics, and the Rise of Complex Life
Planavsky, N. J., Tarhan, L. G., Bellefroid, E. J., Evans, D. A. D., Reinhard, C. T., Love, G. D., & Lyons, T. W. (2015) · The Paleontological Society Papers · doi:10.1017/s1089332600002965 · Cited by 32
“Questions regarding the robustness of carbon isotopes generally center on a handful of sections with highly anomalous carbon isotope values (e.g., the Shuram-Wonoka excursion and the Bitter Springs anomaly; Knauth and Kennedy, 2009; Derry, 2010; Schrag et al., 2013).”
Background
Sulphur and carbon isotopes as tracers of past sub-seafloor microbial activity
Meister, P. H., Brunner, B., Picard, A., Böttcher, M. E., & Jørgensen, B. B. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36943-7 · Cited by 32
Ice, Fire, or Fizzle: The Climate Footprint of Earth's Supercontinental Cycles
Jellinek, M. A., Lenardic, A., & Pierrehumbert, R. T. (2020) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2019gc008464 · Cited by 31
“…suggest higher rates of organic burial, although this interpretation is made complex by potential significant additional diagenetic effects on the structure of the time series data that are potentially enhanced a low-oxygen Neoproterozoic ocean (Ahm et al., 2018, 2019; Schrag et al., 2013).”
Background
Carbon budget and balance critical processes of the regional land-water-air interface: Indicating the earth system’s carbon neutrality
Gao, Y., Wang, S., Lü, Y., Liu, J., Lyu, S., Sun, K., Jia, J., Li, Z., & Yu, G. (2022) · Science China Earth Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11430-021-9883-3 · Cited by 32
Methane-Derived Authigenic Carbonates on the Seafloor of the Laptev Sea Shelf
Кравчишина, М. Д., Lein, A. Y., Флинт, М. В., Baranov, B., Miroshnikov, A. Y., Дубинина, Е. О., Dara, O. M., Boev, A. G., & Саввичев, А. С. (2021) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.690304 · Cited by 32
An integrated chemostratigraphic (δ13C-δ18O-87Sr/86Sr-δ15N) study of the Doushantuo Formation in western Hubei Province, South China
Lan, Z., Sano, Y., Yahagi, T., Tanaka, K., Shirai, K., Papineau, D., Sawaki, Y., Ohno, T., Abe, M., Yang, H., et al. (2018) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2018.10.018 · Cited by 31
Early Triassic fluctuations of the global carbon cycle: New evidence from paired carbon isotopes in the western USA basin
Caravaca, G., Thomazo, C., Vennin, E., Olivier, N., Cocquerez, T., Escarguel, G., Fara, E., Jenks, J. F., Bylund, K. G., Stephen, D. A., et al. (2017) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.05.005 · Cited by 30
“…therefore crucial to distinguish the secular evolution of the carbon cycle (Payne et al., 2004; Payne and Kump, 2007; Meyer et al., 2011; Sobolev et al., 2011) from potential early or burial diagenetic processes (Hayes and Waldbauer, 2006; Derry, 2010; Schrag et al., 2013; Thomazo et al., 2016).”
Background
Barite in the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation and its implications for marine carbon cycling during the largest negative carbon isotope excursion in Earth’s history
Cheng, M., Wang, H., Li, C., Luo, G., Huang, J., She, Z., Lei, L., Ouyang, G., Zhang, Z., Dodd, M. S., et al. (2021) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106485 · Cited by 30
Oceanic carbon cycle in a symbiotic zone between hydrothermal vents and cold seeps in the Okinawa Trough
Wu, N., Xu, C., Li, A., Cao, H., Chen, Y., Zhang, X., Geng, W., Zhai, B., Li, Q., & Sun, Z. (2022) · Geosystems and Geoenvironment · doi:10.1016/j.geogeo.2022.100059 · Cited by 30
Carbon and sulfur cycling during the mid-Ludfordian anomaly and the linkage with the late Silurian Lau/Kozlowskii Bioevent
Frýda, J., Lehnert, O., Frýdová, B., Farkaš, J., & Kubajko, M. (2020) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110152 · Cited by 28
Latest Permian carbonate carbon isotope variability traces heterogeneous organic carbon accumulation and authigenic carbonate formation
Schobben, M., van de Velde, S., Gliwa, J., Leda, L., Korn, D., Struck, U., Ullmann, C. V., Hairapetian, V., Ghaderi, A., Korte, C., et al. (2017) · Climate of the past · doi:10.5194/cp-13-1635-2017 · Cited by 29
Santonian-Maastrichtian carbon-isotope stratigraphy and calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the Zagros Basin: Long-range correlation, similarities and differences of carbon-isotope trends at global scale
Razmjooei, M. J., Thibault, N. R., Kani, A., Ullmann, C. V., & Jamali, A. M. (2019) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103075 · Cited by 29
Towards an understanding of the Ca isotopic signal related to ocean acidification and alkalinity overshoots in the rock record
Fantle, M. S., & Ridgwell, A. J. (2020) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119672 · Cited by 29
Oldest-known Neoproterozoic carbon isotope excursion: Earlier onset of Neoproterozoic carbon cycle volatility
Zhang, Z., Peng, P., Feng, L., Gong, Z., Mitchell, R. N., & Li, Y. (2021) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2021.01.013 · Cited by 29
Dynamic interplay of biogeochemical C, S and Ba cycles in response to the Shuram oxygenation event
Cui, H., Kaufman, A. J., Xiao, S., Zhou, C., Zhu, M., Cao, M., Loyd, S. J., Crockford, P. W., Liu, X., Goderis, S., et al. (2021) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/jgs2021-081 · Cited by 31
Neoproterozoic syn‐glacial carbonate precipitation and implications for a snowball Earth
Hood, A. V. S., Penman, D. E., Lechte, M. A., Wallace, M. W., Giddings, J. A., & Planavsky, N. J. (2021) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.12470 · Cited by 29
Carbon cycle evolution before and after the Great Oxidation of the atmosphere
Canfield, D. E. (2021) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/03.2021.01 · Cited by 28
Detrital Carbonate Minerals in Earth's Element Cycles
Müller, G., Middelburg, J. J., Sluijs, A., & Börker, J. (2022) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2021gb007231 · Cited by 27
Carbonate carbon isotope evolution of seawater across the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition: evidence from the Keping area, Tarim Basin, NW China
Guo, Q., Deng, Y., Hu, J., & Wang, L. (2017) · Geological Magazine · doi:10.1017/s0016756817000206 · Cited by 28

Authors: Schrag, D. P., Higgins, J. A., Macdonald, F. A., & Johnston, D. T.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Princeton University (US)
ORCID: Schrag, Daniel P.
Higgins, John. A.
Macdonald, Francis A.
Johnston, David T.
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2013-02
Volume: 339
Issue: 6119
Pages: 540-543
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.1229578
OpenAlex: W2114839168
Semantic Scholar: 271d01ca5514443dcc869aa77013e96976d7ffd6
Cited by: 532
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 28 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 19
FWCI: 26.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
nrs.harvard.edu
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
Keywords: authigenic carbonates, carbon cycle, carbon isotopes, early diagenesis, atmospheric oxygen, ocean anoxia, Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Triassic, carbon isotope excursion
MeSH terms: Anaerobiosis, Atmosphere, Carbon Isotopes, Carbonates, Methane, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen, Geologic Sediments, Carbon Cycle

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Authigenic Carbonate and the History of the Global Carbon Cycle

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