Development of the annelid axochord: Insights into notochord evolution
Abstract
The origin of chordates has been debated for more than a century, with one key issue being the emergence of the notochord. In vertebrates, the notochord develops by convergence and extension of the chordamesoderm, a population of midline cells of unique molecular identity. We identify a population of mesodermal cells in a developing invertebrate, the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii, that converges and extends toward the midline and expresses a notochord-specific combination of genes. These cells differentiate into a longitudinal muscle, the axochord, that is positioned between central nervous system and axial blood vessel and secretes a strong collagenous extracellular matrix. Ancestral state reconstruction suggests that contractile mesodermal midline cells existed in bilaterian ancestors. We propose that these cells, via vacuolization and stiffening, gave rise to the chordate notochord.
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P. dumerilii has emerged as a useful lophotrochozoan reference model that allows cross-comparisons with other bilaterians in aspects such as sensory, hormonal and developmental biology.
“P. dumerilii has emerged as a useful lophotrochozoan reference model that allows cross-comparisons with other bilaterians in aspects such as sensory, hormonal and developmental biology (71–74).”
From Corazonin signaling integrates energy homeostasis and lunar phase to regulate aspects of growth and sexual maturation in <i>Platynereis</i> (2020) · cites this paper as [74]
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The origin and evolution of cell types
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Evolution of the bilaterian mouth and anus
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- Authors
- Lauri, A., Brunet, T., Handberg-Thorsager, M., Fischer, A. H. L., Simakov, O., Steinmetz, P. R. H., Tomer, R., Keller, P. J., & Arendt, D.
- Affiliations
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (DE)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Lauri, Antonella
- Brunet, Thibaut
- Arendt, Detlev
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2014-09-12
- Volume
- 345
- Issue
- 6202
- Pages
- 1365-1368
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2015121260
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 147
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 5.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Planarian Biology and Electrostimulation
- Keywords
- chordate origin, Platynereis dumerilii, Annelida, chordamesoderm, mesoderm, convergence and extension, collagen extracellular matrix, ancestral state reconstruction, bilaterian evolution, vacuolization
- MeSH terms
- Abdominal Muscles, Animals, Biological Evolution, Mesoderm, Notochord, Phylogeny, Polychaeta, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
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