Chemistry of Insulin: Determination of the structure of insulin opens the way to greater understanding of life processes
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Frederick Sanger determined the amino acid sequences of the A and B chains of insulin; by 1955 he demonstrated the position of the two disulfide bonds linking the A and B chains and the intrachain disulfide bond within the A chain.
“In the early 1950s, Frederick Sanger determined the amino acid sequences of the A and B chains of insulin87–90. By 1955, he would demonstrate the position of the two disulfide bonds linking the A and B chains and the intrachain disulfide bond within the A chain, and in 1958, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry91–93.”
From 100 years of insulin: celebrating the past, present and future of diabetes therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [93]
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- Authors
- Sanger, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Sanger, F.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1959-05-15
- Volume
- 129
- Issue
- 3359
- Pages
- 1340-1344
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2010465462
- Cited by
- 255
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 14.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- insulin, insulin structure, peptide hormones, amino acid sequence
- MeSH terms
- Insulin, Life, Comprehension
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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