Visualization of nucleolar genes
Abstract
The presence of extrachromosomal nucleoli in amphibian oocytes has permitted isolation and electron microscopic observation of the genes coding for ribosomal RNA precursor molecules. Visualization of these genes is possible because many precursor molecules are simultaneously synthesized on each gene. Individual genes are separated by stretches of DNA that apparently are not transcribed at the time of synthesis of precursor rRNA in the extrachromosomal nucleoli.
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Only a part of rDNA units is transcriptionally active at any time, while the rest, or even the majority of rDNA repeats, are in a repressed state.
“Numerous genetic, microscopic and biochemical studies have demonstrated that only a part of rDNA units is transcriptionally active at any time, while the rest, or even the majority of rDNA repeats, are in a repressed state (6–14).”
From Impaired function of rDNA transcription initiation machinery leads to derepression of ribosomal genes with insertions of R2 retrotransposon (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
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Pederson, T. (2011) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a000638 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
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McStay, B. (2006) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1436906 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Kopp, K., Gasiorowski, J. Z., Chen, D., Gilmore, R., Norton, J. T., Wang, C., Leary, D. J., Chan, E. K. L., Dean, D. A., & Huang, S. (2007) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e06-03-0249 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Guerrero, P. A., & Maggert, K. A. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016401 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Fefelova, E. A., Pleshakova, I. M., Mikhaleva, E. A., Pirogov, S. A., Poltorachenko, V. A., Abramov, Y. A., Romashin, D. D., Shatskikh, A. S., Blokh, R. S., Gvozdev, V. A., et al. (2022) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkab1276 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Electron microscopy using the ‘Miller spreading technique’ (6) showed that the low level of R2 transcripts is mainly due to the transcriptional repression of the entire rDNA units, which contain insertions (51,52).”
Method
- Authors
- Miller, O. L., & Beatty, B. R.
- Affiliations
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US)
- ORCID
- Miller, O. L.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1969-05-23
- Volume
- 164
- Issue
- 3882
- Pages
- 955-957
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2046422192
- Cited by
- 876
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 16.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- amphibian oocytes, ribosomal precursor RNA, rDNA transcription, gene structure
- MeSH terms
- Amphibians, Animals, Cell Nucleolus, DNA, Female, Genes, Genetic Code, Microscopy, Electron, Ovum, RNA
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