The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Caucasian Genes in American Negroes: Measurement of non-African ancestry is difficult, but it is worthwhile for several genetic reasons.
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In the citing paper
“The average African American has about onequarter of his or her genes from non-African (nonblack) ancestors, although most estimates are likely to be conservative (cf.Marks 1995;Reed 1969).”
From "Race" and the Construction of Human Identity (1998) · cites this paper as Reed 1969
In the citing paper
“Unlike previous estimates of the mean proportion of African ancestry, which typically have ranged from 77% to 93% African ancestry,2–4,48–62 our estimates, depending on exclusions, are 73% or 75%.”
From The genetic ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States (2015) · cites this paper as [52]
Citations
Cites
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Self-citationThe Duffy Blood Groups of New York Negroes: The Phenotype Fy (a−b−)
Sanger, R. A., Race, R. R., & Jack, J. A. (1955) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1955.tb05523.x · Cited by 141
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–320 of 320
Genome-Wide Search for Signatures of Natural Selection in African Americans
Jin, W. (2015) · Springer theses · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-7408-6_4
Heredity-Environment Uncertainty: A Reply *
Jensen, A. R. (1969)
A handheld calculator program for determination of gene transfer between races.
Miller, J. M., & Miller, J. M. (1993) · PubMed Central
The Future of Human Behavior Genetics
Vandenberg, S. G. (1972) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-233450-4.50033-1
Templeton, A. R. (2006) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0470047356.refs
(2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012088492-6.50015-3
Relethford, J. H. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118181652.refs
(2019) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118768853.refs
Tsianos, E. B., Jalali, M. T., Gowenlock, A. H., & Braganza, J. M. (1982) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(82)91906-7
Caucasian Genes in American Negroes
Anderson, E. N. (1969) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.166.3911.1353.a
WORKMAN, P. L. (1970) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.167.3923.1388-b
Reed, T. E. (1972) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.175.4025.946-c
Self-citationWORKMAN, P. L. (1970) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.167.3923.1388.b
The Science of Blackness: Biology and Social Science in Black-Focused Scholarship, 1900–2020
Adetiba, E., & Reich, A. (2025) · Sociology of Race and Ethnicity · doi:10.1177/23326492251384914
The role of admixture in the adaptation of human populations to changing environments
Cuadros-Espinoza, S. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/8ddb3c96z6256z4113z972fz6589a03fb4fc
Barton, J. C., Barton, J. C., & Acton, R. T. (2026) · Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers · doi:10.1177/19450265261464225
Roseman, J. M., Go, R. C. P., & Acton, R. T. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1213-8_28
Metadata
- Authors
- Reed, T. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Reed, T. Edward
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1969-08-22
- Volume
- 165
- Issue
- 3895
- Pages
- 762-768
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2116425403
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Race, Genetics, and Society
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Keywords
- American Negroes, African Americans, racial mixing, allele frequency, human genetics
- MeSH terms
- Africa, Alleles, Black or African American, Blood Group Antigens, Gene Frequency, Genotype, Humans, Hybridization, Genetic, North America, Phenotype, Selection, Genetic, United States, Black People, White People
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