The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Aging Immune System: Primer and Prospectus
Abstract
Changes in T lymphocyte populations underlie much of the age-related decline in the protective immune response. Aging leads to the replacement of virgin T cells by memory T cells and to the accumulation of cells with signal transduction defects. Studies of antibody gene assembly, accessory cell function, post-thymic T cell development, skewed selection of T cell receptor repertoire, and the clinical concomitants of immune senescence will shed new light on the causes and consequences of age-dependent immune failure.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The ageing immune system is characterised by a decline in stem cells, alterations in T-lymphocyte production, blunting of the B-cell led antibody response and reduced phagocytic activity of neutrophils, macrophages and natural killer cells (50, 51).”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [51]
Citations
Cites
The Physiology of Reproduction
Legendre, M., & Jalabert, B. (1988) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-109-2-176_1 · Cited by 7,876
Daynes, R. A., Araneo, B. A., Ershler, W. B., Maloney, C., Li, G. Z., & Ryu, S. Y. (1993) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.150.12.5219 · Cited by 1,264
Posnett, D. N., Sinha, R., Kabak, S., & Russo, C. (1994) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.179.2.609 · Cited by 761
Cytotoxic T-cell memory without antigen
Lau, L. L., Jamieson, B. D., Somasundaram, T., & Ahmed, R. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/369648a0 · Cited by 657
Letter: Hypoglycaemia in propranolol-treated dialysis patients.
Jensen, H. A., Bjaeldager, P., & Broch‐Møller, B. (1976) · PubMed · Cited by 649
Scollay, R. G., Butcher, E. C., & Weissman, I. L. (1980) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.1830100310 · Cited by 555
AGEING, IMMUNE RESPONSE, AND MORTALITY
Roberts-Thomson, I., Youngchaiyud, U., Whittingham, S., & Mackay, I. (1974) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91755-3 · Cited by 477
Gillis, S. A., Kozak, R. W., Durante, M., & Weksler, M. E. (1981) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci110143 · Cited by 472
Human naive and memory T lymphocytes differ in telomeric length and replicative potential.
Weng, N., Levine, B. L., June, C. H., & Hodes, R. J. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.24.11091 · Cited by 418
Ferguson, F. G., Wikby, A., Maxson, P., Olsson, J., & Johansson, B. (1995) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/50a.6.b378 · Cited by 378
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- CHEN Y, AGING IMMUNOL INFECT 4, 155 (1993).
- GAUCHAT J.F., AGING IMMUNOL INFECT 1, 191 (1988).
- KLINMAN N.R., AGING IMMUNOL INFECT 5, 203 (1994).
- LI S.P., AGING IMMUNOL INFECT 6, 79 (1995).
- MILLER C, AGING IMMUNOL INFECT 5, 249 (1994).
- MILLER R.A., HBK PHYSIOL: 555 (1995).
- MURASKO D.M., ANNU REV GERONTOL 10, 71 (1990).
- SCHULZE D.H., AGING IMMUNOL INFECT 3, 127 (1992).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–998 of 998
Donor Selection and Cell Dose in Haploidentical SCT
Fakih, R. O. E., Arat, M., & Aljurf, M. D. (2017) · Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65319-8_2 · Cited by 4
Age-associated T-cell Clonal Expansions (TCE) in vivo—Implications for Pathogen Resistance
Nikolich‐Žugich, J., & Lang, A. M. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9063-9_12 · Cited by 4
“However, T-cells have been known to exhibit some of the most pronounced age-related defects (Miller 1996 ) , and intervention to correct these defects resulted in successful correction of the immune function in a number of cases (Effros et al.”
BackgroundAbdelmalik, S. W. (2011) · Microscopy Research and Technique · doi:10.1002/jemt.21079 · Cited by 4
Ano Europeu da Educação pelo Desporto
Bento, J. (2004) · Revista Portuguesa de Ciências do Desporto · doi:10.5628/rpcd.04.01.03 · Cited by 4
Beghelli, D. (2016) · MOJ Immunology · doi:10.15406/moji.2016.04.00136 · Cited by 4
“However, it has been shown to possibly increase or decrease with age in humans [29-32].”
BackgroundZhang, M., Xiao, H., Shi, J., Tan, Y., Zhao, Y., Yu, J., Lai, X., Hu, Y., Zheng, W., Luo, Y., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.26317 · Cited by 4
“Although the pathophysiology of an unfavorable effect of older donors has yet to be elucidated, there were several factors that may be related including gradually reduced self-renewal and regenerative potential of HSCs,(31) clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential,(32,33) age-associated changes in the immune sy…”
BackgroundHow to Define an Elderly and Frail Patient?
Agresta, F., Bergamini, C., Podda, M., Campanile, F. C., Anania, G., Volpato, S., Nobili, A., Costa, G., Puzziello, A., Corcione, F., et al. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-79990-8_1 · Cited by 5
Sex Hormones and Immunosenescence
Gómez, C. R., Nomellini, V., & Kovacs, E. J. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9063-9_42 · Cited by 4
Riesenzellarteriitis (Arteriitis temporalis, Arteriitis cranialis)
Wagner, A. D. (2006) · Der Ophthalmologe · doi:10.1007/s00347-006-1327-6 · Cited by 4
Developmental aspects of the thymus in aging
Globerson, A. (2002) · Advances in cell aging and gerontology · doi:10.1016/s1566-3124(02)13004-5 · Cited by 4
Differential immunologic modulatory effects of tetrahydrocannabinol as a function of age.
Ramarathinam, L., Pross, S. H., Plescia, O. J., Newton, C. A., Widen, R. H., & Friedman, H. P. (1997) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(97)01886-1 · Cited by 4
Maintaining Your Immune System--One Method for Enhanced Longevity
Wollscheid-Lengeling, E., Müller, R., Balling, R., & Schughart, K. (2004) · Science of Aging Knowledge Environment · doi:10.1126/sageke.2004.1.pe2 · Cited by 4
Ortiz-Suárez, A., & Miller, R. A. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/58.12.b1063 · Cited by 4
“is higher among CFSE cells recovered from old donors than in the mice receiving cells from young donors, as expected from the known increase with age in the proportion of CD8 memory T cells (13).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationTuberculosis in the elderly: Keep a high index of suspicion
Chan, E. D. (2006) · Infections in medicine · Cited by 4
Immune parameters in different age classes of captive male Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri)
Counihan, K. L., & Hollmén, T. E. (2018) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2018.04.020 · Cited by 4
“It has been suggested that lymphoproliferation declines in older individuals due to less lymphocyte production and increased abnormalities in T and B cells (Miller, 1996).”
BackgroundTrait-space patterning and the role of feedback in antigen-immunity coevolution
Jiang, H., & Wang, S. (2019) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.1.033164 · Cited by 4
“Thus, our model predicts expansion of the antigen escape phase with age, owing to diminishing counts of renewable lymphocytes [63].”
Measuring Immunological Age: From T Cell Repertoires to Populations
Naumova, E. N., Naumov, Y. N., & Gorski, J. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64597-1_171-2 · Cited by 4
Murine Models of Infectious Diseases in the Aged
High, K. P. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012369391-4/50054-0 · Cited by 4
Modification de la réponse immune chez le sujet âgé
Lesourd, B. (2004) · Revue du Rhumatisme · doi:10.1016/j.rhum.2004.03.004 · Cited by 4
Rodríguez, M. S., González‐Barcala, F. J., Sanz, C. Z., Pasín, M. C. P., Gabaldón, J. R., Garazo, M. B. P., Calvo-Álvarez, U., del Molino, M. L. P., López, J. R. A., Rivas, J. L. D., et al. (2004) · Anales de Medicina Interna · doi:10.4321/s0212-71992004000500003 · Cited by 4
Liu, J., Aló, R., & Bautista, Y. J. P. (2020) · International Conference on Intelligent Data Science Technologies and Applications (IDSTA) · doi:10.1109/idsta50958.2020.9264064 · Cited by 4
“The reason behind this is that the immune system changes with age, and young people usually have a younger immune system and older people are not as good at reacting to microorganisms they have not encountered before [32]–[34].”
BackgroundLkhagvadorj, S. (2010) · doi:10.31274/etd-180810-505 · Cited by 4
Lymphoma at the extremes of age
Boyle, D. A., & Angert, V. J. (1998) · Seminars in Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/s0749-2081(98)80008-9 · Cited by 4
Nosocomial pneumonia: More than just ventilator-associated
Lentino, J. R. (2001) · Current Infectious Disease Reports · doi:10.1007/s11908-001-0029-0 · Cited by 4
“Immunologic surveillance also declines in elderly persons: reduced primary T-cell proliferation, decreased production of cytokines, and diminished B-cell interaction reduce antibody response to both native pathogen and packaged vaccine antigens [ 44 ].”
BackgroundCan hypoxic exercise retard cellular senescence? A narrative review
Huang, T., Tsang, C. S. L., & Huang, T. (2024) · European Review of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s11556-024-00352-9 · Cited by 3
Bubulac, L., Georgescu, T., Zivari, M., Popescu‐Spineni, D., Albu, C.-C., Bobu, A., Nemeth, S., Bogdan-Andreescu, C. F., Gurghean, A. L., & Alecu, A. A. (2025) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering12111259 · Cited by 5
Effects of β-glucans from Coriolus versicolor on Macrophage Functions in Young and Aged mice
Jang, S., Namkoong, S., & Sohn, E. (2010) · Cited by 3
Faraldi, M., Provinciali, M., Rosa, M. D., Moresi, R., Sansoni, V., Gomarasca, M., Gerosa, L., Malvandi, A. M., Lattanzio, F., Banfi, G., et al. (2025) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-025-01510-2 · Cited by 3
The Aging Lung: Implications For Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Illnesses in the Elderly
Chiam, B., & Sin, D. D. (2002) · Cited by 3
Inmunosenescencia prematura en ratones triple-transgénicos para la enfermedad del Alzheimer
Maté, I., Cruces, J., Vida, C., Sanfeliu, C., Manassra, R., Giménez‐Llort, L., & la Fuente, M. D. (2013) · Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología · doi:10.1016/j.regg.2013.04.003 · Cited by 3
Reducing Older Workers’ Sickness Absence: The Moderating Role of Perceived Fairness
Goštautaitė, B., & Shao, Y. (2019) · Work Aging and Retirement · doi:10.1093/workar/waz022 · Cited by 4
Rai, P., & Troen, B. R. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6999-6_2 · Cited by 3
Burt, R. K., & Verda, L. (2004) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012436643-5/50158-9 · Cited by 3
Chuang, H.-L., Huang, Y.-T., Chiu, C.-C., Chen, H. H.-C., Chu, Y.-Y., & Chen, T.-H. (2009) · Journal of Veterinary Medical Science · doi:10.1292/jvms.71.163 · Cited by 3
“Age-related changes in immune and physiological functions in humans and laboratory rodents have been extensively investigated [13, 20].”
BackgroundAge-Related Loss of CD62L Impairs Lymph Node CD4 T Cell Mobilization
Chensue, S. W., Chiu, B., & Stolberg, V. R. (2007) · The Open Aging Journal · doi:10.2174/1874369200701010001 · Cited by 3
“When assessed in vitro, age-associated changes have been reported in nearly all cellular components of the immune system, and the general consensus is that immune function declines with age (reviewed by Miller [3] and Effros [4]).”
BackgroundShort-term suppression of ovarian function and immune measures in healthy women
Flory, J. D. (2002) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(01)00078-6 · Cited by 3
“, 1999), lymphocyte depletion and decreased mitogenic response (Miller, 1996; Wick and Grubeck-Loebenstein, 1997).”
BackgroundSingle-Cell Gene-Expression Analysis by Quantitative RT-PCR
Warren, L. A. (2008) · Polymer Journal · doi:10.7907/pj42-xb85
Specific Immunotherapy of Cancer in Elderly Patients
Matzku, S., & ller, M. Z. (2001) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-200118090-00002 · Cited by 3
“Features of immune senescence (for references, see Miller[355])”
BackgroundRadu, D. L., Weksler, M. E., & Bona, C. A. (2001) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2001.tb00173.x · Cited by 3
“Aging is associated with profound changes in the immune system [1-4].”
BackgroundMotor Neurons Exhibit Sustained Loss of Atrophy Reversal in Immunodeficent Mice
Huang, Z. L. (2013) · Journal of Neurological Disorders · doi:10.4172/2329-6895.1000117 · Cited by 3
“As aging is associated with decreased T cell function [24-26], older T cells may be less effective at protecting injured or aging neurons.”
BackgroundSusceptibility of Aged Guinea Pigs to Repeated Daily Challenge with Listeria monocytogenes
Wu, W.-H., & Matthews, K. R. (2013) · Foodborne Pathogens and Disease · doi:10.1089/fpd.2012.1292 · Cited by 3
“…elderly are considered an at-risk group, and it is well established that the function of the immune system declines with age (Jackola et al. , 1994; Miller, 1996; Grubeck-Loebenstein, 1997; Wick and Grubeck-Loebenstein, 1997; Ginaldi et al. , 2001; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004).”
Aging and the Effect of Calorie Restriction in Rhesus Monkeys
Messaoudi, I., Young, J. E., Colman, R. J., Handy, A. M., Roth, G. S., Ingram, D. K., & Mattison, J. A. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-8556-6_4 · Cited by 3
Effects of caloric restriction and aerobic exercise in lymphocytes and macrophages of aging rats
Meneguello, M. O., & Rosa, L. (2002) · Revista Paulista de Educação Física · doi:10.11606/issn.2594-5904.rpef.2002.138691 · Cited by 3
T-reg Homeostasis and Functions in Ageing
Almanan, M., Chougnet, C. A., & Hildeman, D. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64597-1_82-1 · Cited by 4
Age-Related Changes in Type 1 and Type 2 Cytokine Production in Humans
Gardner, E. M., & Murasko, D. M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64597-1_39-1 · Cited by 3
Depression, Immune Function, and Health in Older Adults
Applegate, K. L., Kiecolt‐Glaser, J. K., & Glaser, R. (2006) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-47178-7_7 · Cited by 3
Analysis of lymphocyte diversity in the elderly: heteroduplex analysis and alternative techniques
Cook, J. E., & Beverley, P. C. L. (2001) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/s0531-5565(00)00260-6 · Cited by 3
Probiotics and Natural Defense Function of the Host
Fukushima, Y. (2007) · Bioscience and Microflora · doi:10.12938/bifidus.26.1 · Cited by 3
EFFECTS OF AGING AND INFLAMMATORY MOLECULES ON THE SUPRACHIASMATIC CIRCADIAN CLOCK
Nygård, M. (2007) · Figshare · Cited by 3
Stem Cell Aging: Potential Effects on Health and Mortality
Oakley, E. J., Miller, A. R., Waterstrat, A., Swiderski, C. F., Liang, Y., & Zant, G. E. V. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-49506-4_1 · Cited by 3
Vitamin E and enhancement of the immune response in the aged: cellular and molecular mechanisms.
Han, S. N., Adolfsson, O., Meydani, S. N., Packer, L., Traber, M. G., Kraemer, K., & Frei, B. W. (2002) · Cited by 3
Eco-Immunology: Past, Present, and Future
Kernbach, M. E., Ramsay, C. T., Rohr, J. R., & Martin, L. B. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.10890-5 · Cited by 3
Characterisation of NK cells in the elderly
Mariani, E., & Facchini, A. (2002) · Advances in cell aging and gerontology · doi:10.1016/s1566-3124(02)13008-2 · Cited by 3
The potential role of monocyte-lymphocyte interaction in arteriogenesis
Willems, S. (2009) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 3
Fülöp, T., Pawelec, G., Fortin, C. F., & Larbi, A. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-76842-7_6 · Cited by 2
Molecular signaling and clinical implications in the human aging-cancer cycle
Rezaeian, A.-H., & Wei, W. (2024) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.08.003 · Cited by 2
Bergland, B. S., Remberger, M., Tjønnfjord, G. E., Vo, C. D., Myhre, A. E., Abrahamsen, I. W., Gedde‐Dahl, T., & Tvedt, T. H. A. (2025) · Bone Marrow Transplantation · doi:10.1038/s41409-025-02579-1 · Cited by 2
“Older MSD are more likely to exhibit clonal hematopoiesis [6], have a smaller stem cell pool with reduced regenerative capacity and impaired T-cell subtypes and diversity, which could impact transplant outcomes [7].”
Immunosenescence and Cutaneous Malignancies
Cheng, J. Y., & Colegio, O. R. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68790-2_10 · Cited by 2
Faria, M. A., Simões, R. S., dos Santos, M. A., Soares, J. M., & Carbonel, A. A. F. (2013) · Reprodução & Climatério · doi:10.1016/j.recli.2013.03.005 · Cited by 2
“As modificações da resposta imune humoral com a idade incluem: (1) comprometimento da resposta ao reconhecimento de antígenos não próprios; (2) aumento na produção de autoanticorpos e complexos imunocirculantes; (3) diminuição na produção da interleucina 4 (IL-4); (4) aumento na secreção de interferon- (IFN- ); e (5)…”
BackgroundParámetros inmunológicos basales en un grupo de viejos-jóvenes
del Nogal, M. L., Pérez, C. F., Casado, J. M. R., Delgado, M. A. F., & de la Concha, E. G. (2003) · Revista Clínica Española · doi:10.1016/s0014-2565(03)71312-5 · Cited by 2
Personal Factors Affecting Therapeutic Responses to BCG Vaccination in Asthmatics
Choi, I. S., Han, E., Kim, Y.-J., Yoon, J.-Y., Kim, S.-S., Seo, I.-K., Jang, Y.-J., & Park, C. (2011) · Allergy Asthma and Immunology Research · doi:10.4168/aair.2011.3.3.178 · Cited by 2
Diagnosis and Management of Bullous Disease
Hurley, M. Y., & Mattox, A. R. (2013) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2013.01.012 · Cited by 2
“The immunologic dysregulation that occurs with normal aging is suspected by some to have a role.(2)”
BackgroundAging, immunity, and cardiopulmonary bypass surgery: Adding insult to injury
Peterson, P. K. (1997) · Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0022-2143(97)90190-6 · Cited by 2
Metabolic aging and predicted longevity: Results of a cross-sectional study in post-menopausal women
Hays, N. P., Bathalon, G. P., Meydani, S. N., Leka, L. S., Lipman, R. D., Roubenoff, R., Schaefer, E. J., & Roberts, S. B. (2002) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03327346 · Cited by 2
P-glycoprotein expression in the cells of the immune system during aging
Gupta, S. (2003) · Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews · doi:10.1016/s1529-1049(03)00003-5 · Cited by 2
Hashemi, S. A., & Madani, S. A. (2013) · Research in Endocrinology · doi:10.5171/2013.401901 · Cited by 1
“401901 vaccination or infection, reduction in previously established protective immunity and increased disease-related morbidity rate [1-6].”
BackgroundGhoneum, M. H., Tolentino, L., & Seto, Y. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 2
Lee, W.-L., Park, H., 김명화, 윤아람, 권순미, 정준현, & Jun, J. (2009) · Exercise Science · doi:10.15857/ksep.2009.18.4.467 · Cited by 2
Donor Evaluation for Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Collection
Connelly‐Smith, L. S. (2019) · Advances and controversies in hematopoietic transplantation and cell therapy · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55131-9_4 · Cited by 2
“Observed higher rates of grade II to IV acute GvHD after transplantation of grafts from older donors may be explained by replacement of naïve T-cells with memory T-cells as the immune system ages in the older donors (Miller 1996).”
BackgroundTroen, B. R., & Cristofalo, V. J. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3432-4_1 · Cited by 2
Breast Cancer and Immunosenescence
Provinciali, M., Pierpaoli, E., Malavolta, M., Donnini, A., Smorlesi, A., & Gatti, C. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99375-1_56 · Cited by 2
Psychoneuroimmunology: The Experiential Dimension
Ulvestad, E. (2018) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7828-1_3 · Cited by 2
Characterization of Immune Aging in the Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes)
DiBona, E. R., Humble, J. L., Duran, D., Au, D. W. T., & Seemann, F. (2024) · Fishes · doi:10.3390/fishes9090333 · Cited by 3
Age and Oxidative Stress in the Germ Line
Robaire, B., Paul, C., & Selvaratnam, J. S. (2012) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-776-7_7 · Cited by 2
“Indeed, aging has been associated with a decreased proportion of naïve T cells [ 23 ] , a reduced proliferative response of adaptive immune cells, diminished antigen recognition, and defi cits in signal transduction [ 24– 26 ] .”
BackgroundObesity and Immunosenescence: Psychological, Behavioral and Biochemical Pathways
Prather, A. A., Aschbacher, K., Lustig, R. H., & Epel, E. S. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4776-4_11 · Cited by 2
Beneficial and Detrimental Manifestations of Age on CD8+ T-Cell Memory to Respiratory Pathogens
Kohlmeier, J. E., Ely, K. H., Roberts, A. D., Yager, E. J., Blackman, M. A., & Woodland, D. L. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9063-9_49 · Cited by 2
“Thus, there is a dramatic age-associated reduction in repertoire diversity of naïve CD8 + T-cells which is thought to contribute to the well-characterized inability of the elderly to mount effective immune responses to newly encountered antigens (Fagnoni et al. 2000; P. J. Linton and Dorshkind 2004; Messaoudi et al. 2…”
BackgroundCharacteristics of B Cells and B Cell Responses in Aged Individuals
Mei, H. E., & Radbruch, A. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0346-0219-8_4 · Cited by 2
“To this end, the role of CD154 (CD40L) expression is discussed [6, 8].”
InfluentialHematopoietic stem cells and aging
Zant, G. E. V., Manning, E., & Geiger, H. (2002) · Advances in cell aging and gerontology · doi:10.1016/s1566-3124(02)09042-9 · Cited by 2
MHC-Unrestricted Cytotoxicity in Ageing
Provinciali, M., Donnini, A., & Re, F. (2004) · Neuroimmune biology · doi:10.1016/s1567-7443(04)80007-3 · Cited by 2
Immunosenescence: Analysis and Genetic Modulation of Replicative Senescence in T Cells
Effros, R. B., & Valenzuela, H. (1998) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.1.1998.1.305 · Cited by 2
Mild immune deficiency and its consequences
Kumar, N., & Miller, W. T. (2000) · Seminars in Roentgenology · doi:10.1053/ro.2000.6155 · Cited by 2
Clinical outcomes of clostridioides difficile infection in the very elderly
Kassem, S., Hijazi, N., Stein, N., Zaina, A., & Ganaim, M. (2024) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-024-03580-0 · Cited by 2
“T cell response to foreign antigens is depressed, and the long-term immune memory is diminished [18].”
BackgroundThompson, S. D., Rugel, C. L., Haller, M. R., Curtin, J. L., Dayanidhi, S., & Lavasani, M. (2026) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.70408 · Cited by 1
Христоманова-Митковска, С. (2015) · Macedonian Medical Electronic Journal · doi:10.3889/mmej.2015.50007 · Cited by 1
Modificación de la respuesta inmune en los ancianos con tratamientos nutricionales
Álvarez-Fernández, B., Ordoñez, M. A., Trigo, J. A. L., Carmona, J. M. M., Huelgas, R. G., & Fernández, C. J. (2002) · Anales de Medicina Interna · doi:10.4321/s0212-71992002000800009 · Cited by 1
Strategies For Managing Tuberculosis in Older Patients
den Brande, P. V. (2006) · Aging Health · doi:10.2217/1745509x.2.5.851 · Cited by 1
“Years to decades after the primary infection lesions may reactivate and proceed into TB disease, due to decreased immune resistance, which is called ‘postprimary TB’ or ‘reactivation TB’ [7,8].”
BackgroundKim, M. H., Seo, K. Y., & Won, D. I. (2011) · Laboratory Medicine Online · doi:10.3343/lmo.2011.1.1.8 · Cited by 1
Fisiologia dell’invecchiamento
de Jaeger, C. (2011) · EMC - Medicina Riabilitativa · doi:10.1016/s1283-078x(11)70652-6 · Cited by 1
Central Nervous System Infections in the Elderly
Hasbun, R., & Tunkel, A. R. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40232-1_6 · Cited by 1
Huang, A., Jiang, C., Lee, C. C., Huang, T. S., Wu, M., & Chen, Y. Y. (2010) · AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY · doi:10.5897/ajb.9000480 · Cited by 1
Year in review 2013: Critical Care- respirology
Curley, G. F., & Slutsky, A. S. (2014) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-014-0577-y · Cited by 1
“system results in increased susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections, opportunistic infections, reactivation of latent viruses, decreased responses to vaccination, autoimmune diseases, and neoplasias in humans and animals [15].”
BackgroundAbsentismo laboral en trabajadores públicos en Mallorca
Fuenmayor, M. D. L. N. M., Herrero, M. T. V., Morcillo, F., Fernández, C. N., & Benedicto, E. T. (2010) · Medicina balear · Cited by 1
Clinical Analysis of Appendicitis in the Elderly Over 60 Years of Age
Kim, I. G., Heo, T. G., Lee, J. M., Choi, P. W., Park, J. H., Lee, M. S., Kim, C. N., & Chang, S. H. (2007) · Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology · doi:10.3393/jksc.2007.23.6.441 · Cited by 1
SHIDA, N., KURODA, K., Joung-Ouk, K. W. A. G., & Machida, K. (2012) · Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Hygiene) · doi:10.1265/jjh.67.67 · Cited by 1
Ohyama, K., Takahashi, S., & Fukuoka, K. (2015) · Iryo Yakugaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences) · doi:10.5649/jjphcs.41.360 · Cited by 1
Lepage (1998) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1063(1998)8:4
Sánchez (2002) · doi:10.1379/1466-1268(2002)007
Metadata
- Authors
- Miller, R. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Miller, Richard A.
- ORCID
- Miller, Richard A.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1996-07-05
- Volume
- 273
- Issue
- 5271
- Pages
- 70-74
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2043464691
- Cited by
- 1,165
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 5.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Keywords
- immunosenescence, aging, T cells, memory T cells, T cell receptor repertoire, signal transduction defects, accessory cell function, age-related immune decline
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Animals, Antibody Formation, Antigen-Presenting Cells, B-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic, Disease Susceptibility, Humans, Immune System, Immunologic Memory, Killer Cells, Natural, Longevity, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, T-Lymphocytes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review