Cited by 1,306Stress Responses and CortisolMemory and Neural MechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

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Why Stress Is Bad for Your Brain

Sapolsky, Robert M.·1996·Science

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Abstract

Several recent studies of humans correlate stress with atrophy of the hippocampus, an area of the brain required for memory and cognition. In his Perspective, Sapolsky argues that the underlying causal agent may be glucocorticoids secreted in abnormally high amounts under stressful conditions.

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Physiological functions of glucocorticoids in stress and their relation to pharmacological actions
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Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged glucocorticoid exposure in primates
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Self-citation
Chronic Psychosocial Stress Causes Apical Dendritic Atrophy of Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Neurons in Subordinate Tree Shrews
Magariños, A. M., McEwen, B. S., Flügge, G., & Fuchs, E. (1996) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-10-03534.1996 · Cited by 864
Hippocampal formation volume, memory dysfunction, and cortisol levels in patients with Cushing's syndrome
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Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged and fatal stress in primates
Uno, H., Tarara, R., Else, J., Suleman, M., & Sapolsky, R. (1989) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.09-05-01705.1989 · Cited by 728
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity in aged, cognitively impaired and cognitively unimpaired rats
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Authors: Sapolsky, R. M.
Affiliations: Stanford University (US)
Corresponding author: Sapolsky, Robert M.
ORCID: Sapolsky, Robert M.
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 1996-08-09
Volume: 273
Issue: 5276
Pages: 749-750
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.273.5276.749
OpenAlex: W1994048221
Cited by: 1,306
References: 12
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 51
FWCI: 24.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords: stress, hippocampal atrophy, glucocorticoids, memory, cognition, neurodegeneration, stress hormones
MeSH terms: Animals, Atrophy, Brain, Cushing Syndrome, Depressive Disorder, Female, Glucocorticoids, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Stress, Physiological, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Causality

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