The Initial Domestication of Cucurbita pepo in the Americas 10,000 Years Ago

Smith, Bruce D.

doi:10.1126/science.276.5314.932

Cited by 351Archaeology and ancient environmental studiesAdvances in Cucurbitaceae ResearchAmazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory

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The Initial Domestication of Cucurbita pepo in the Americas 10,000 Years Ago

Smith, Bruce D.·1997·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.276.5314.932

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Abstract

Squash seeds, peduncles, and fruit rind fragments from Archaic period stratigraphic zones of Guilá Naquitz cave in Oaxaca, Mexico, are assigned to Cucurbita pepo on the basis of diagnostic morphological characters and identified as representing a domesticated plant on the basis of increased seed length and peduncle diameter, as well as changes in fruit shape and color, in comparison to wild Cucurbita gourds. Nine accelerator mass spectrometer radiocarbon dates on these specimens document the cultivation of C. pepo by the inhabitants of Guilá Naquitz cave between 10,000 to 8000 calendar years ago (9000 to 7000 carbon-14 years before the present), which predates maize, beans, and other directly dated domesticates in the Americas by more than 4000 years.

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Authors: Smith, B. D.
Affiliations: Smithsonian Institution (US)
Corresponding author: Smith, Bruce D.
ORCID: Smith, Bruce D.
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 1997-05-09
Volume: 276
Issue: 5314
Pages: 932-934
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.276.5314.932
OpenAlex: W2098958823
Cited by: 351
References: 7
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 27.64
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Archeology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Advances in Cucurbitaceae Research
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory
Keywords: Cucurbita pepo, Archaic period, pre-Columbian agriculture, seed morphology, fruit peel, radiocarbon dating, Oaxaca

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The Initial Domestication of Cucurbita pepo in the Americas 10,000 Years Ago

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