Cited by 423Visual perception and processing mechanismsNeural dynamics and brain functionNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

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The Contribution of Noise to Contrast Invariance of Orientation Tuning in Cat Visual Cortex

Anderson, Jeffrey S., Lampl, Ilan, Gillespie, Deda C., Ferster, David·2000·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.290.5498.1968

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Abstract

Feedforward models of visual cortex appear to be inconsistent with a well-known property of cortical cells: contrast invariance of orientation tuning. The models' fixed threshold broadens orientation tuning as contrast increases, whereas in real cells tuning width is invariant with contrast. We have compared the orientation tuning of spike and membrane potential responses in single cells. Both are contrast invariant, yet a threshold-linear relation applied to the membrane potential accurately predicts the orientation tuning of spike responses. The key to this apparent paradox lies in the noisiness of the membrane potential. Responses that are subthreshold on average are still capable of generating spikes on individual trials. Unlike the iceberg effect, contrast invariance remains intact even as threshold narrows orientation selectivity. Noise may, by extension, smooth the average relation between membrane potential and spike rate throughout the brain.

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Authors: Anderson, J. S., Lampl, I., Gillespie, D. C., & Ferster, D.
Affiliations: Northwestern University (US)
Corresponding author: Ferster, David
ORCID: Anderson, Jeffrey S.
Lampl, Ilan
Gillespie, Deda C.
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2000-12-08
Volume: 290
Issue: 5498
Pages: 1968-1972
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.290.5498.1968
OpenAlex: W2028546686
Cited by: 422
References: 23
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 10.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Eye Institute (R01 EY-04726, R01EY004726)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords: contrast invariance, orientation tuning, visual cortex, noise, membrane potential, spike responses, feedforward models, cats, orientation selectivity, subthreshold responses
MeSH terms: Action Potentials, Animals, Cats, Membrane Potentials, Microelectrodes, Models, Neurological, Nerve Net, Neurons, Orientation, Photic Stimulation, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception, Contrast Sensitivity, Patch-Clamp Techniques

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The Contribution of Noise to Contrast Invariance of Orientation Tuning in Cat Visual Cortex

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