The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Emotion and Facial Efference: A Theory Reclaimed
Abstract
A theory of emotional expression, ignored since 1906, holds that facial muscles act as ligatures on facial blood vessels and thereby regulate cerebral blood flow, which, in turn, influences subjective feeling. The theory, developed by Israel Waynbaum, a French physician, hypothesizes the subjective experience of emotions as following facial expression rather than preceding it. It answers Darwin's question of why different muscles contract or relax in different emotions better than Darwin's own theory. When restated in terms of contemporary neurophysiological knowledge, it explains and organizes several ill-understood emotional processes and phenomena.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Laird, J. D. (1974) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0036125 · Cited by 486
Cited by
An argument for basic emotions
Ekman, P. (1992) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699939208411068 · Cited by 9,646
Fowler, J. H., & Christakis, N. A. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a2338 · Cited by 1,990
Voluntary Facial Action Generates Emotion‐Specific Autonomic Nervous System Activity
Levenson, R. W., Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1990) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb02330.x · Cited by 1,248
Gaze bias both reflects and influences preference
Shimojo, S., Simion, C., Shimojo, E., & Scheier, C. (2003) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1150 · Cited by 924
Bar, M., Neta, M., & Linz, H. (2006) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.6.2.269 · Cited by 693
Expressing fear enhances sensory acquisition.
Susskind, J. M., Lee, D. H., Cusi, A., Feiman, R., Grabski, W., & Anderson, A. K. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2138 · Cited by 595
Service with A Smile and Encounter Satisfaction: Emotional Contagion and Appraisal Mechanisms
Barger, P. B., & Grandey, A. A. (2006) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2006.23478695 · Cited by 503
reconstructing the past: a century of ideas about emotion in psychology
Gendron, M., & Feldman Barrett, L. (2009) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073909338877 · Cited by 361
Psychoactive drug use in evolutionary perspective
Nesse, R. M., & Berridge, K. C. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5335.63 · Cited by 355
Contagious laughter: Laughter is a sufficient stimulus for laughs and smiles
Provine, R. R. (1992) · Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society · doi:10.3758/bf03330380 · Cited by 257
Interactive Regulation of Affect in Postpartum Depressed Mothers and Their Infants: An Overview
Reck, C., Hunt, A., Fuchs, T., Weiss, R., Noon, A., Moehler, E., Downing, G., Tronick, E. Z., & Mundt, C. (2004) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000081983 · Cited by 203
Ostracism and indirect reciprocity: The reproductive significance of humor
Alexander, R. D. (1986) · Ethology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1016/0162-3095(86)90052-x · Cited by 137
Laughing, Smiling, and Talking: Relation to Sleeping and Social Context in Humans
Provine, R. R., & Fischer, K. R. (1989) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1989.tb00536.x · Cited by 105
Facial coloration and temperature responses in blushing
Shearn, D., Bergman, E., Hill, K., Abel, A., & Hinds, L. (1990) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb03194.x · Cited by 97
N. McIntosh R. B. Zajonc Peter S. V, D. (1997) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999397379980 · Cited by 61
We look like our names: the manifestation of name stereotypes in facial appearance
Zwebner, Y., Sellier, A.-L., Rosenfeld, N., Goldenberg, J., & Mayo, R. (2017) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspa0000076 · Cited by 60
Invisible expressions evoke core impressions
Laeng, B., Profeti, I., Sæther, L., Adolfsdottir, S., Lundervold, A. J., Vangberg, T., Øvervoll, M., Johnsen, S. H., & Waterloo, K. (2010) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0018689 · Cited by 45
Engaging Characters: Fiction, Emotion, and the Cinema
Smith, M. (2022) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198871071.001.0001 · Cited by 42
Metadata
- Authors
- Zajonc, R. B.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1985-04-05
- Volume
- 228
- Issue
- 4695
- Pages
- 15-21
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1977621542
- Cited by
- 254
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 5.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
