Very first impressions.
Abstract
First impressions of people's personalities are often formed by using the visual appearance of their faces. Defining how quickly these impressions can be formed has critical implications for understanding social interactions and for determining the visual properties used to shape them. To study impression formation independent of emotional cues, threat judgments were made on faces with a neutral expression. Consequently, participants' judgments pertained to the personality rather than to a certain temporary emotional state (e.g., anger). The results demonstrate that consistent first impressions can be formed very quickly, based on whatever information is available within the first 39 ms. First impressions were less consistent under these conditions when the judgments were about intelligence, suggesting that survival-related traits are judged more quickly. The authors propose that low spatial frequencies mediate this swift formation of threat judgments and provide evidence that supports this hypothesis.
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In human-human interaction, first impressions formed within milliseconds are difficult to lose.
“research shows that in human-human interaction, first impressions, formed within milliseconds [28], are difficult to lose.”
From Embodied Conversational Agent Appearance for Health Assessment of Older Adults: Explorative Study (2020) · cites this paper as [28]
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Reeves, B. B., Hancock, J. T., & Liu, X. (2020) · Technology Mind and Behavior · doi:10.1037/tmb0000018 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Peng, L., Teoh, S. H., Wang, Y., & Yan, J. (2020) · Journal of Accounting Research · doi:10.1111/1475-679x.12428 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
A memory advantage for untrustworthy faces
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Trust at first sight: evidence from ERPs
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Competence ratings in US predict presidential election outcomes in Bulgaria
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Understanding Robot Acceptance
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The Obligatory Nature of Holistic Processing of Faces in Social Judgments
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The role of the amygdala in face perception and evaluation
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Consumer processing of mobile online stores: Sources and effects of processing fluency
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Determinants of switching intention from web-based stores to retail apps: Habit as a moderator
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Personality in Perspective: Judgmental Consistency across Orientations of the Face
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First impressions: Gait cues drive reliable trait judgements
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- Authors
- Bar, M., Neta, M., & Linz, H.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Emotion
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 269-278
- ISSN
- 1528-3542 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-1516
- OpenAlex
- W2153109382
- Cited by
- 693
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 8.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Emotion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- James S. McDonnell Foundation (21002039)
- MIND Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face recognition and analysis
- Keywords
- first impressions, face perception, personality judgment, intelligence judgments, low spatial frequency, facial appearance
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Awareness, Cues, Face, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Interpersonal Relations, Judgment, Male, Middle Aged, Reaction Time, Social Perception, Visual Perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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